Txhim kho ArchLinux rau beginners. Txhim kho ArchLinux cov kev pab cuam. Txhim kho Chav yog ArchLinux

Operating Systems Winows tsev neeg yog ua nyob rau hauv lub computer ua lag luam. Tab sis tej zaum kuj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau siv ib tug thib peb-tog thiab dawb software vim hais tias ntawm koj tus kheej nyiam los yog lub cev tsis mus yuav ib daim ntawv tso rau lub qhov rais. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mus rau cov kev pab ntawm lub Linux operating system. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv yog cov sib txawv neeg siv-phooj ywg interface thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab yog hais tias lub caij nyoog kawg no yog tam sim no, feem ntau nws yog tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, kev txawj ntse uas muaj peev xwm tsis khav tag nrho. Tab sis, raws li txwv mus kaw-qhov twg los, Linux-system muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ib tug npaum li cas wider chaw rau ib cov neeg siv. Cov tsab xov xwm muab cov ntsiab lus hais txog cov yam ntxwv thiab installation ArchLinux txog lub system raws li ib tug tag nrho.

ArchLinux. Installation thiab teeb

Muaj yog ib tug heev interesting operating system ntawm cov tsev neeg, "lub linux." ArchLinux nws hu ua. Nws singularity lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias, tsis zoo li cov batch "ubuntopodobnyh" systems, ArchLinux yuav customize koj tus kheej kom kawg "ntsia hlau." Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau zoo kawg li kev txawj nyob rau hauv kos duab rau, uas feem ntau discourages tuaj tshiab. Thiab xwb, cov qhov tag nrho qhov system, raws li txwv mus rau batch tis, qibsiab rau cov neeg siv "linuksopodobnyh" systems, muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nrog qhov hais kom ua kab thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Txhim kho thiab configuring ArchLinux sib txawv heev los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm txhim kho lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm systems. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb tsom xam tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev txhim kho cov OS ArchLinux.

General ntaub ntawv hais txog ArchLinux

ArchLinux yog ib tug offshoot ntawm ib tug heev minimalist OS crux. Qhov no OS yog nrov ntawm cov kiv cua sau system los ntawm qhov twg los thiab tau mus "hov" nws rau lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub "niam txiv" OS, ArchLinux tsis yuav tsum tau tus neeg siv lub peev xwm los ua ke rau hauv lub noob pob kws thiab tsim kom muaj ib tug kev sib raug zoo. Nws yuav ntsia siv ib tug pa graphical saib xyuas. Txawm tias ArchLinux installation yuav pib nrog qhov hais kom ua kab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no rau hauv qab no.

Tam sim no, muaj ob ceg ntawm lub OS ArchLinux: ruaj khov thiab tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lub ruaj khov rau lub ruaj khov version ntawm lub operating system nrog pov thawj cov kev pab cuam. Txawm li cas los, tshiab yuav tau tos ntev heev rau nws. Rau lovers ntawm tag nrho cov "tshiab" muaj tam sim no ceg. Ntawm no, tshiab yog tsis lig, tiam sis cov stability ntawm lub system dog dig lame. Software installation ArchLinux nws kuj ua rau ib co teeb meem thiab yuam kev. Seasoned "archers" (raws li nyob rau hauv lub ua dog ua dig hu ua ArchLinux cov neeg siv) yuav tsum tau mus siv ruaj khov-version ntawm lub OS. Cia nws yuav tsis tau heev tseem ceeb, tab sis stability - saum toj no tag nrho lwm yam.

ArchLinux teeb meem yog cov tsis muaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub installation nyob rau hauv lub tis. Muaj tsuas yog general raws li kev cai yog npaj rau cov neeg siv ntawm tus Linux operating system tsev neeg. Thiab lawv yog cov tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Yeej muaj tseeb, ib co ntawm lawv hloov dua siab tshiab enthusiasts. Yog li ntawd installation ArchLinux rau beginners - ib tug es tsis yooj yim ua hauj lwm, piav qhia txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Kev npaj rau lub txheej txheem

Thawj kauj ruam yog los tsim ib tug bootable USB-stick nrog lub tsev ArchLinux. Rau qhov no, peb yuav tsum tau mus download tau lub ISO-daim duab ntawm lub OS los ntawm cov nom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub project. Duab nrog ArchLinux yog ntawm ob hom: tag nrho thiab puag. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm cov duab thiab tus xov tooj ntawm cov kev pab cuam muaj "tawm ntawm lub thawv." Cov duab tag nrho "nyhav" txog 600 MB, thiab lub hauv paus - xwb 200 MB. Nws yog zoo dua rau siv rau tag nrho cov version ntawm cov installation disk.

Tom qab daus koj yuav tsum xaiv ib qho kev pab los sau rau hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv USB-tsav. Yog hais tias koj siv lub qhov rais, ces qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tau cov kev pab cuam Rufus. Nws yog tag dawb mus download tau, nws tsis yuav tsum tau installation. Khiav Rufus thiab xaiv lub downloaded disk duab nrog lub OS. Thawb lub khawm "Start". Thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv, USB-tsav yuav tsum reformatted thiab renamed ArchLinux. Txhim kho nyob rau hauv ib tug USB flash drive, nyob rau hauv tus, ua kom tiav. Koj muaj peev xwm tam sim no reboot thiab sim nruab ib lub operating system nyob rau hauv koj lub computer.

Pib lub Installer

Tom qab tag nrho cov manipulations nrog cov khau raj thiaj nyob rau hauv lub BIOS peb pib ArchLinux khau raj los ntawm ib tug flash drive. Raws li hais saum toj no, cov kauj ruam yog kauj ruam installation ArchLinux txawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects los ntawm tib lub batch khiav hauj lwm cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau xav txog tag nrho cov lus thiab nta.

Tus thawj tshaj plaws peb pom - qhov hais kom ua kab. Yuav pib graphical installer, koj yuav tsum ntaus qhov hais kom ua $ / koov / teeb. Tom qab hais tias, cov installer qhov rai yuav tshwm sim. Muaj menus npog tag nrho cov ua sawv ntawm lub installation txheej txheem:

• ROM kev kawm;
• pob xaiv;
• txhim kho tej pob khoom;
• Installation nucleus;
• system configuration;
• txhim kho khau raj loader;
• tso zis.

Yog hais tias ib feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov khoom, txawm tias ib tug novice tau ko nws, lub pawg lus "Txhim kho lub noob pob kws" yuav muaj mus ua hauj lwm nyuaj txawm rau cov neeg siv cov. Uas yog vim li cas qhov chaw ArchLinux - rau beginners yog tsis yooj yim.

npaj disk

Tus txheej txheem ntawm "rhuav" tej disk rau ArchLinux sib txawv dog dig los ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm khej lwm fej Linux operating system tsev neeg. Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav qhia rau tus pab nws tus kheej faib disk partitions. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom siv yog ib qho zoo rau paub raws nraim li cas yuav tsum tau rau lub system. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus HDD muaj cov kev tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib phau ntawv layout, thiaj li tsis mus poob lawv mus ib txhis. Txhim kho ArchLinux pib nrog rau qhov no.

Thaum manually tawg disk koj yuav tsum tau tsim cov nram qab no:

• hauv paus muab faib uas sau tias /;
• Section / usr;
• Section / opt;
• Section / var;
• Section / var / abs;
• Section / var / cache / pkg;
• Section / var / cache / src;
• «/ Tsev» seem.

Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi tag nrho lawv xav tau.

Lub hauv paus muab faib yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib gigabyte. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws thiab txhim kho ArchLinux. / Usr muab faib yog ib tug "sib puav" - lub sib puav cov ntaub ntawv los mus txhim kho system kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum yog sib npaug zos rau cov ntsia nco, multiplied by ob tug.

Section / opt yog siv kom haum raws li loj cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov tsev qiv ntawv QT, «X" thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv mus rau lub OS ntawm lub plhaub. Nws loj yuav tsum kwv yees li 4 GB.

Sections cim nrog / var, siv txoj kev muab ntau yam system ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob cluttering li lub hauv paus.

Zoo, tus / lub tsev muab faib yog siv los khaws cov tus kheej cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv. Nyiam cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm tag nrho cov seem - ext3.

installation ntawm lub system

Txhim kho ArchLinux yog muab faib ua ob peb theem. Thawj - nws yog ib tug xaiv thiab hloov tej pob khoom. Yog hais tias koj muaj tsis muaj lub tswv yim uas lawv nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau koj lub computer, cia li tawm tag nrho lub neej ntawd qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab Ntsuam xyuas cov "hlau", nws yuav txiav txim siab qhov kev pab cuam uas yuav tsum tau thiab yog dab tsi tsis. Thaum lub sij hawm lub installation pob yuav muab ntsia li cov khau raj loader. Nyob rau hauv ArchLinux xws neej ntawd hais yog Grub.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog mus nruab ib lub noob pob kws. Muaj kuj yog zoo uas yuav tau cia siab rau lub automatic xaiv thiab configuration. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb yuav tau nco ntsoov yog nws tus kheej, yog ib hom ntawm nucleus nyob rau hauv koj tus "hlau". Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug PC nrog ib tug SCSI-enabled, ces koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ib hom.

Tom qab kev vam meej installation ntawm cov tub ntxhais OS rau configure lub sij hawm los. Ntawm no koj raug caw mus teem lub system siv cov kho kom raug text configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog zoo dua tsis ua li cas, vim hais tias koj muaj peev xwm tsuas "dai" lub system txawm thaum lub sij hawm installation. Teem ArchLinux tom qab installation yog lub feem ntau zaum kev xaiv, vim hais tias nws yog yooj yim npaum li ua txhua yam li siv lub graphical ib puag ncig.

teem ArchLinux

Tom qab ib tug system reboot yog yuav tsum tau los txhais tau nws yooj yim chaw. Lub nyiam kev khiav hauj lwm ib puag ncig rau ArchLinux yog KDE. Hais tias yog dab tsi peb thiab xa. Thaum qhov hais kom ua sai li sai tau, koj yuav ntaus pacman -S KDE. Tom qab loading lub GUI configuration ntawm lub cev yuav mus cuam sai thiab smarter. Tam sim no peb xav tau rau nruab tsawg kawg yog tus Mozilla Firefox browser rau txais tau kev paub txog cov zoo sib tsoo ArchLinux tom qab installation. Ua li no, khiav rau nram qab hais kom ua: pacman -s firefox. Tam sim no koj tau yooj yim nrhiav tau tawm txog lub secrets ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm tsis nyob rau hauv Google «zoo thiab tsis muaj zog."

software installation

Nws yog tsis yooj yim li. Txij li thaum ArchLinux tsis txhawb duab software pob installer, nruab lawv manually los ntawm cov kab hais kom siv cov pacman cuab tam. Vim ib co ntawm cov pab pawg yuav tsum muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog software. Yog li ntawd, qhov yooj yim hais kom ua rau txhim kho software - pacman -s package_name. Yuav kom hloov twb ntsia, nkag mus rau qhov hais kom ua pacman -Syi. Qhov no yog dab tsi tshwm sim software installation. ArchLinux nyob rau hauv no hwm yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim "ubuntopodobnyh" systems.

ArchLinux thiab Chav

Chav - yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ib puag ncig rau ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab kev txhim kho cov Linux ua si. Nws yog muaj rau ntawm lub qhov rais. Nyob rau hauv lub chav software koj yuav tau thiab nruab ib lub ntau yam ntawm kev ua si. Thiab muaj "haiv neeg" version rau Linux. Txhim kho Chav yog ArchLinux yuav tsum tau ib co ntxiv manipulation, uas peb muaj tam sim no thiab txheeb xyuas.

Qhov teeb meem yog tias yog tsis muaj hauj them nyiaj yug rau Chav ArchLinux. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej tswv yim nrog rau cov installation hais kom ua, koj yuav tsum xub ntxiv ib co repositories thiab fonts. Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug 64 ntsis system, koj yuav tau mus download tau lub multilib repository, thiab tom qab nws - lub koos pis Arial, txij li thaum Chav yog siv nws lub npe. Koj yuav tau txais nws ntawm pacman -S ttf-liberation pab neeg. Ces koj yuav pib lub installation ntawm lub "Chav" siv pacman -s chav pab neeg.

xaus

Tam sim no peb paub tias koj yuav ua li cas kom zoo zoo nruab thiab configure ArchLinux. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus txheej txheem yog heev, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm dawb lub sij hawm. Tsuas yog koj muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav mus tiag tiag li operating system. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau kawm txawm xws li ib tug "txaus ntshai" tshaj plaws li txhim kho chav rau ArchLinux. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yuav pab tau rau ntau yam. Tiam sis yog tias koj yog ib tug gamer, ces cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau rau kom paub meej. Feem ntau ArchLinux - ib tug zoo operating system mus rau replenish lawv cov kev paub los luj.

Yog hais tias koj tsis ntshai tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab, ArchLinux ib yam dab tsi rau koj saj. Thiab txawm hais tias kev ua lag luam tseem yuav ua rau lub brainchild ntawm Microsoft, lub software nrog qhib qhov yog nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw txhua txhua xyoo.