Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua: lub keeb kwm thiab cov neeg

Nws tau ntev tau nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws flourished ua yeeb yam. Clowns entertained cov neeg hu nkauj thiab seev cev, raws li zoo raws li ua si rau cov funny scenes. Thaum fairs shill neeg showman. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov plaub fab roving performers hu zaj nkauj, seev cev thiab hais mus lom zem cov neeg tuaj saib.

Ob tug ceg ntawm cov kos duab

Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua tsim nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. Folk kos duab tau txuas ntxiv qhov kev lig kev cai ntawm buffoons. Duab kos tau tshwm tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev - los.

Nrug tsev hais plaub ua yeeb yam tau thawj sau ua ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Mikhail Romanov - tus tsim ntawm lub dynasty ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab rooj huas tias. Pib ib tug tshiab kev lom zem yog Artamon Boyar Matveev. Qhov no txiv neej tau ua npaum li cas rau lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Nws yog lub taub hau ntawm lub sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim - qhov Ministry ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs ntawm lub sij hawm. Artamon Matveev feem ntau cov kwv tij txawv teb chaws. Nws yog heev muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau lub teb chaws thiab sim qhia kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv Russia, ib co European lig kev cai. Artamon Matveev suav hais tias yog thawj Westerner.

Founder ntawm Drama thiab coj

Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua yuav tsis muaj npaum li cas qhov chaw tsis muaj no multi-ncau txiv neej. kev troupe tau raug tsa rau nws sawv cev. Ib tug thawj ua si muaj nyob rau hauv Russia, yog tus biblical zaj dab neeg ntawm Ahaxu-ela. Rau tus huab tais txoj kev lom zem chav ua. Sovereign nyiam ib tug lub tswv yim, thiab tus sau generously nqi zog. Yog li ntawd leej twg yog tus thawj Lavxias teb sab playwright thiab cov thawj coj? Keeb kwm tau fwm nws lub npe. Nws nyob hauv Moscow German Johann Gregory.

Tshiab kev lom zem ntes tau sai heev. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam muaj myiaj tsev ntawm lub sij hawm uas ua hauj lwm theaters. Lub lam tau raws li dawb cov txiv neej thiab serfs.

Cov ntu sij hawm

Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub npe ntawm Peter lub Great. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign cov kos duab blossomed. Peter feem ntau caw tuaj rau lub Lavxias teb sab txawv teb chaws ncig teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag. Lawv tsis tsuas tsom tshiab nrug, tab sis kuj raug kev txom nyem hnyav tswv yim, inspiring Lavxias teb sab sau phau ntawv. Peter ua yeeb yam rau cov liab Square. Tom qab ntawd nws twb puas lawm.

Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua tsim tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv Moscow, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Thaum lub tsev hais plaub Anny Ioannovny qhib lag luam nrog Lavxias teb sab lam. Plays sau tus naas ej dramatist Alexander Sumarokov rau nws.

ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob

Thaum Elizabeth tuaj thiaj li hu ua imperial theaters. Cov tsoom fwv cov koom haum muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lub txhab nyiaj. Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Imperial Theatre nyob rau hauv Vasilevsky Island yog Sumarokov.

Tus theatre ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia txuas ntxiv mus tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II. Thaum nws lub tsev hais plaub ua hauj lwm ob peb kev troupes. Qhov tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm nyob los ntawm cov Italian opera hu nkauj. Kuv ua hauj lwm thiab Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam troupe. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub yeeb yam ceased yuav purely kev lom zem palace. Lub nroog qhib ib tug pej xeem kev lom zem tsim, uas ntiav ob Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws ntxias.

Creativity Ivan Dmitrevsky

Tus theatre ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paub lub npe nto moo ua lag luam: Titova, Belmont, Medox. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub txuas ntxiv hav zoov ntawm cov tswv tsev ntawm lub troupe nyob rau hauv lub xeev, qhov twg lawv ua si serfs ntxias. Rau yav tom ntej actor yog Ivan Dmitrievsky. Nws tau muaj ib tug distinguished hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv thawj kev Lavxias teb sab troupe Volkova hluas Dmitrevsky ua si poj niam cwj pwm. Tom qab ntawd, nws los ua lub ntsiab actor ntawm lub Imperial Theatre nyob rau hauv Vasilevsky Island. Rau ib rov Catherine II xa Dmitrevsky txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Paris, nws kawm cov kev ua si ntawm tus naas ej tragedian Lekena thiab saib nyob rau hauv London ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov poj Garrick. Rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, Dmitrevsky qhib tus yeebyam tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tom qab ua cov thawj ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam ntawm lub imperial kev lom zem chaw.

Ntsiab tiam sis

Tsev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia yuav luv luv piav raws li ib tug classicist. Qhov no sib prevailed nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej lub sij hawm ntawm Classicism twb hloov los ntawm ib tug ntau kev ywj pheej ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Enlightenment. Lavxias teb sab kos duab rau ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tended rationality, ib hom ntawv nyeem hierarchy thiab nruj canons. Theatrical plays nruj me ntsis muab faib ua qee thiab comedy. Lawv nws yog tsis tau tso cai.

Tsev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau txuas nyob rau hauv Russia. Opera tau ua zaum cov feem ntau nrov hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev lom zem. Italian hu nkauj nyob ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Anny Ioannovny. Tus thawj libretto nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sau los ntawm Alexander Sumarokov. Classicist opera li ua yeeb yam, gravitated mus rau ib tug nruj kev sib cais ntawm lwm yam. Txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv Italian kev lig kev cai thiab differed sublime music. Comedy, xam tau tias yog ib tug me nyuam ib hom ntawv nyeem, tau txuam nrog tus sawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab luam ncaj ncees lub rooj muag zaub. Cov txawv lwm nta ntawm tej lus zoo siab ua yeeb yam - hais lus sib tham thiab hu nkauj suab paj nruas tooj. Ua hauj lwm rau ua yeeb yam composers sau Sokolovsky, Pashkevich, Bortniansky. Opera hu nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab Lavxias teb sab.

tshiab tiam sis

Tsev ua yeeb yam 18-19 xyoo pua Russia tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub Enlightenment. Nyob rau hauv 1782 kuv pom cov theem comedy Denisa Fonvizina "Oaf." Ib tug satire rau cov kawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg twb xub qhia ua ib tug txawj ntse sau. Hauj lwm ntawm lub sab sauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm Fonvizin piav nrog zoo kawg li cov neeg. Prost phem, nws ruam tus txiv thiab tus tub Mitrofanushka coj tus sau lub neej ntawm koob meej. Wise kev xav Starodum ntawm yawm thiab muaj meej mom thiab niaj hnub no muaj siab cov neeg tuaj saib. Dua li ntawm qhov conventionality ntawm lub cim, lawv muaj ib tug lub siab dawb paug thiab expressiveness. Ua si Fonvizin nyeem Pushkin, Gogol thiab lwm yam neeg sau ntawv. Nws yog admired los ntawm ntau tiam ntawm viewers. "Lub Me" thiab tam sim no yuav siv sij hawm muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub repertoire ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev theaters. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog sau nyob rau hauv golden cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.