Totalitarianism - ib tug system nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg ua ib tug cog

Totalitarianism - ib tug system ntawm kev nom kev tswv lub hwj chim, nyob rau hauv uas lub xeev nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tub ceev xwm lub koom haum tsim tag nrho tswj tag nrho cov yam ntawm cov haiv neeg. Nws txawv ntawm authoritarianism - lwm yam uas tsis yog-kev ywj pheej tsoom fwv - uas yog ua rau txeem mus rau hauv cov kev xav, tus kheej lub neej, thiab txawm kev ntseeg ntawm txhua tus neeg. Nws ncav mus yuam txawm yuav kho cov tsev neeg lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem thiab tsim ib tug system ntawm tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union yog tseem pom ntawm cov pej xeem nostalgic rau cov hnub ntawm Stalin kev txom nyem thiab longing rau lub "ruaj txhais tes". Lawv txwv los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tawm tsam views, thov hais tias totalitarianism - yog Stalinism. Lawv pabneeg nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm nws kev tshawb xav ntawm cov hauv qab no nqe lus: nyob rau hauv Stalin tus faj tim teb chaws yeej lub official ideology ntawm "Marxism-Leninism", uas yuav tsum tau muab qhia tawm los ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem. Fidelity rau no outlook twb mus qhia txhua yam thiab qhov txhia chaw - piv txwv li, ua tim khawv rau cov poj achievements ntawm socialist tswj tau preceded txawm apolitical scholarly tej hauj lwm rau kev kawm lej.

Qhov thib ob sib cav hais tias totalitarianism - qhov no yog Stalinism, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm lub soviets tias lub sij hawm twb teem tub ceev xwm tswj, thiab tag nrho cov. Los ntawm kindergarten fostered lub xav hais tias tag nrho cov teb chaws yog yav surrounded los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, ob qho tib si lwm - imperialist "lub teb chaws kaplagerya" thiab nrog - saboteurs uas ua phem. Qhov no "yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" yuav muaj pej xeem, thiab cov neeg feem coob twb ntshai neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb omnipotent hwj chim qauv - lub Cheka, NKVD, tom qab KGB.

Nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm lub fact tias totalitarianism - qhov no yog Stalinism, thiab qhia tau hais tias ib tug-tog system ntawm tsoom fwv. Lub Communist tog ntawm ideological absolutism ua - txhua txhua "deviationism" brutally kev tsim txom. Tag nrho cov koom haum, xov xwm thiab kev kawm ntawv yog kev kawm mus rau lub prevailing tog. Tag nrho cov pej xeem yog deprived ntawm txoj cai cem lus. Economy yog siab tswj los ntawm lub xeev, tej private enterprise yog ntaus nqi raws li ib tug encroachment nyob rau unregulated hwj chim generating nyiaj khwv tau los. Nyob rau hauv loj scale siv qhev zog (gulag).

Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv dab tsi Qib raws li nostalgic peb ib co ntawm peb cov laus? Yog hais tias nws yog li ntawd phem, ces yog vim li cas yog xws li ib tug kev xav rau cov duab ntawm "tag nrho lwm cov kev sib tw" thiab "leej txiv ntawm haiv neeg" Stalin? Yog, lub Soviet Union ntawm lub xyoo 1930 yog ib tug totalitarian tsoom fwv, tab sis nyob rau ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muaj lub thiaj li hu ua. Tom qab ntawd lub Soviet system, es, los nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm authoritarianism. Cov tshuab ob yog undemocratic tsoom fwv - authoritarianism thiab totalitarianism - muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ntau, tab sis ib tug tseem ceeb heev sib txawv. Tus thawj system tsis nrhiav los txeem thiab tsim kom muaj tswj txhua yam ntawm lub neej, tas nom tswv thiab sab ntsuj plig thiab ideological.

Thaum authoritarianism muaj yog ib tug txheej ntawm cov pej xeem hais tias pom tau tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyiam thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb - ua hauj lwm loj lub zos nyob rau hauv lub USSR, rau hauv nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv General de Gaulle nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub loj industrialists nyob rau hauv Pinochet. Nyob rau hauv totalitarianism kev ruaj ntseg tsis hnov tsis muaj leej twg, tsuas yog qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua yog tej uas xws tshwj xeeb regimes. Nws yug los lub sij hawm "totalitarianism" nyob rau hauv ltalis ntawm Mussolini, tab sis pom nws feem ntau huab manifestation ntawm ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej - nyob rau hauv lub Nazi Peb Reich Hitler lub ideology ntawm lub Khmer Rouge, Maoism, Turkmenistan nyob rau hauv Turkmenbashi thiab lub ideology ntawm "Juche" nyob rau hauv North Kauslim