Supersonic intercontinental bomber T 4MS ( "khoom 200"): lub ntsiab yam ntxwv

Tej yaam num uas ua tsis tau tejyam los ua ib tug kev muaj tiag, tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ... Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv, tabtom tsis nco qab lawm thiab tsis heev npaum li cas. Ib tug xws li project - ib tug xaiv yaam intercontinental supersonic bomber-missile txoj kev loj hlob tsim chaw khaws coj los Sukhoi.

KEEB KWM NTAWM LUB

Raws li feem ntau tshwm sim, qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug tswv yim huab cua quab yuam, uas twb arisen nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, cov tub rog tsa dua nyob rau hauv 1967, thaum ib tug txiav txim mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug ntev-lub sij hawm manned xaiv yaam aircraft (Advanced manned Strategic Aircraft) twb tau nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Nrog rau cov AMSA project pib creation ntawm tus naas ej B-1, high-altitude xaiv yaam bomber sib sib zog nqus ntxeem tau.
Thiab nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1969 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub minister ntawm lub chaw ua dav hlua kev lag luam pib ib contest ntawm tsim bureaus VM Myasishcheva, A. N. Tupoleva thiab Sukhoi. Nyob rau hauv raws li kev txiav txim no, qhauj xav tau rau kev tshawb fawb uas xaiv yaam dual-hom aircraft, tsim ib tug propulsion system, missile riam phom thiab onboard systems. Tsuas yog tus creation ntawm xov tooj cua-hluav taws xob complex twb muab los ntawm lub Ministry ntawm hluav taws xob kev lag luam. Nws thiaj tuaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub tib lub xyoo.

thawj zaug cov ntaub ntawv

Tsoom fwv kev cai nyob rau hauv lub lig lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1967 uas pom tias yam ntxwv ntawm yav tom ntej aircraft.

Nws yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw exceptional davhlau yam ntxwv.

Nyob hauv ib lub qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 1.8 km twb teem ceev 3,2-3,5 txhiab. Km / h. Nws tab tom to taub hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub sij hawm thiab nyob subsonic speeds nyob ze ntawm lub hauv av dav hlau yuav tsum ya tsawg kawg yog 11-13 txhiab kilometers, tab sis nyob rau hauv high-altitude davhlau ntawm subsonic davhlau ntau yuav tsum tau 16-18 txhiab km.

Nws twb tso cai ua hauj lwm thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm riam phom. Nws yog yuav tsum tau muaj li ntawm tshem thiab svobodnopadayuschih thiab kho tej tawg hem hom thiab lo lus uas peb, thiab plav missiles, hypersonic plaub X-45 "Xob Laim", thiab mus txog rau 24 aerobalisticheskih X-2000. Kuv nug thiab tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov riam phom - 45 tons.

Pib ntawm kev loj hlob

OKB Sukhoi P. O. txij li thaum 1961, kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tw hauv paus, koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug supersonic bomber-missile T-4, rau qhov loj ntawm 100t tau txais lub thib ob lub npe "Tab Tom Hlab". Nws yuav tsum tau mus txog ib tug ceev ntawm 3,000 km / h, los kov yeej cov thermal teeb meem, thiab yog li ntawd muaj ntau heev zoo aerodynamics. Rau nws qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim foob pob ua ntxaij "huab cua-av", propulsion thiab navigation khoom. Pom zoo tsuas yog peb caug peb cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm tus tshiab aircraft.

Thaum nws puag, thiab tsim ib tug tshiab xaiv yaam dual-hom dav hlau T-4MS nrog preservation ntawm ntau cov rooj saab laaj nrog cov thawj qauv. Tus tshiab tsim muaj nyob: fais fab nroj tsuag, twb mastered rau lub tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau ua raug tsim thiab hauj dlaws tsim thiab dhau cov kev xeem nyob rau hauv-board tshuab thiab cov khoom siv, thiab hais tias yuav yuav ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm loj lawm, khib nyiab muaj dab. Txawm cipher tshuab txais los ntawm analogy nrog cov "weaving". Nws takeoff qhov ceeb thawj rau suav ntawm designers mus kev rau lub ob puas tons, thiab yog li ntawd lub npe hu ua lub T-4MS dav hlau - "tsab xov xwm 200".

tshiab Solutions

Alas, peb yuav tsis siv xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub tswv yim. Yog hais tias koj txuag lub layout tswvyim, qhov luaj li cas thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshiab cov khoom muaj zog sharply, tab sis tag nrho cov ntim ntawm caj npab ncej tsis tau ua tsis tau tejyam.

Yog li ntawd, lub Sukhoi tsim Bureau PO cov tub txawg tsis kub siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab layout tswvyim, uas yuav paib lub siab tshaj plaws tau ntim nrog tsawg heev nto bathed los ntawm thiab muab kev pab tsim nyog riam phom nyob rau hauv lub cargo compartment. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tsim yuav tsum tau ceev mus rau lub aircraft yuav ya nyob ze ntawm lub hauv av nyob speeds siab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws twb txiav txim siab los tshem tawm los ntawm lub hwj chim Circuit Court aircraft propulsion. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug lub sij hawm los tsim tshiab versions ntawm lwm yam xyaw. Tus tshiab kev kho yog khaws cia tau nruam kev txhim kho ntawm lub davhlau yam ntxwv thiab kev specifications ntawm tus tshiab cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, cov designer thiab tsim aerodynamic configuration, cov kev Circuit Court uas ua lub hom "ya tis" TIG me me thaj tsam console (kuj me me, ntawm chav kawm) nyob rau hauv lub davhlau yuav hloov cheb.

layout bomber

Fundamentally tshiab layout ntawm lub aircraft T-4MS, pom zoo nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1970, nws tau txais kev pab raws li lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm yam ua ntej tsim.

Qauv ntawm no arrangement tau tshuab hauv cua ntau thiab tau qhia exceptional tau thiab subsonic davhlau speeds, thiab nyob supersonic ceev.

Vim lub me me thaj tsam ntawm lub pivot caj npab thiab txhav cab kuj cev ntawm chaw zoo elastic deformation ntawm lub tis thaum ya rau hauv av.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus pivot caj npab cheb twb varied nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 30 ° rau 72 °.

Koob hmoov yog undoubted, tab sis lub xyoo tom ntej twb mob siab rau finalizing yam ua ntej tsim.

Varied thickness thiab zoo ntawm lub airfoil, mus ntxiv txhim kho lub aerodynamic efficiency. Daim ntawv thov ntawm supercritical profiles yuav tsum tau nce subsonic cruise ceev. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li tis bevels yuav cuam tshuam rau lub lag luam ntawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag thiab cov ntsug stabilizer. Ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv rau cov kev xaiv ntawm tis zoo lawm, los txhim kho lub stability thiab controllability ntawm lub tsheb.

Xaiv cov pom cov yam ntxwv thiab airframe hwj chim Circuit Court txhim khu tej yam loj roj.

Ua hauj lwm rau cov yoov

Tag nrho cov uas kuaj nyob rau hauv cov cua ntau TsAGI. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov kws txawj txiav txim tias lub aircraft heev balanced, muaj lub khov ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 5%. Nws tau txiav txim rau finalize ntxiv layout.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub embodiments, lub T-4MS nyob kab rov tav Tsov tus tw thiab ib tug ntev lub qhov ntswg. Nyob rau hauv ib version, qhov ntswg, thiab tag nrho cov muaj ib rab koob zoo li zoo lawm. Tsis tau, nws tau txais mus ntxiv tsim ib qho kev npaj nyob rau hauv uas lub qhov ntswg twb dog dig ncua, tsuas yog nws los ntawm nqa lub fuselage twb hnov xwb nacelles, ntsug tus Tsov tus tw nrog ob tug keels, teb tis vaj huam sib luag. Kev mloog yog them rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev txo lub visibility rau hauv lub radar ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Hauj lwm Bomber T-4MS

Lub dav hlau twb ua los ntawm ib tug neeg coob ntawm peb cov neeg, uas tau muab tso rau hauv slabovystupayuschem teeb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub commander ntawm lub nkoj, tus tsav thiab lub navigator-neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum tau ya nyob rau hauv qhov chaw suits, txawm lub fact tias lub alarm ntawm ob compartments raug muab zwm cia. Lub pem hauv ntej compartment yog npaj rau cov pilots, thiab cov rear - mus rau lub navigator. Txij li thaum lub teeb tsis yog protrudes, los txhim kho visibility thaum lub sij hawm takeoff thiab tsaws muab tshwj xeeb sash.

Ncaws tawm rooj muab kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm ceev kev khiav tawm ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm tag nrho cov altitudes thiab speeds, xws li tsaws thiab takeoff.

Hauv cov khoom on board muaj navigation, sib ntaus tshuab, kev sib txuas lus tshuab thiab muaj txuj ci, xam, tiv thaiv sighting system, chaw ua taus zes systems thiab missile kev taw qhia.

Zuag qhia tag nrho ntev ntawm lub airship, uas yog txhais raws li supersonic intercontinental bomber, twb raws li nram no:

- ntev - 41,2 m;

- qhov siab - 8 m;

- center-ncua - 14,4 m;

- wingspan ntawm cheb lub 30 ° - 40,8 m;

- thaj tsam ntawm lub tis nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm cheb ntawm 30 ° - 97,5kv.m.

Cov kwv yees li nqa tawm luj yog 170 tons.

powerplant bomber

Nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw seem, nyob rau hauv ob nacelles spaced apart, teem nyob rau hauv officers plaub DTRD NK-101. Noj-off thrust ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog 20,000 kg. Nws twb assumed tias lub xyaw yuav muab qhov zoo ntawm cov turbofan engine nyob rau hauv cruise davhlau ntawm subsonic speeds thiab thaum lub sij hawm acceleration ntawm lub dav hlau nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ntawm supersonic ceev.

Gondola muaj nyob rau txhua lub cev muaj zog sib cais los ntawm ib tug muab faib dav hlau adjustable cua intakes tiv thaiv los ntawm icing thiab ingress ntawm txawv teb chaws cov khoom.

Tsis tas li ntawd xyaw, muaj raws ntawm powerplant systems tau refueling aircraft rau daim av thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, engine lub hwj chim, yog nws txhob txwm tso ntawm roj pressurization, txias extinguishing.

Main roj tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub compartments ntawm chaw.

Kwv yees li ntawm davhlau cov ntaub ntawv

Lub dav hlau twb tsim los ya ntawm ntev heev mus. Raws li cov lus teb, nws yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv-flight refuelling ya nrog rau tej kev sib ntaus los load ntawm 9 t ntawm ib tug Cruising ceev ntawm 900 km / h (subsonic) 14 000 km thiab 3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9000 km.

Thaum lub qhov siab ntawm ib tug bomber yuav ya rau ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 3.2 txhiab km / h ntawm hiav txwv theem - 1.1 txhiab km / h ..

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub siab tshaj plaws qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm uas cov aircraft yuav nce cov lus teb yog 24,000 m.

Nrog xws li ib tug loj loj ntawm ib tug khiav ntev ntawm 100 m, thiab txoj kev ntev tom qab touchdown - 950 m.

Cov riam phom nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib

Xam foob pob load yog 9 m thiab tswj svobodnopadayuschih bombs.

Pheej submarine T-4MS yuav tsum tau nqa ob mus rau plaub kua ntev-ntau cuaj luaj X-45 "Xob Laim", uas yog tsim rau peb tes num T-4, nrog cov kev taw qhia system ARLGSN thiab cumulative high-heev warhead. Lawv feature yog lub radome. Missile ntev ntawm txog 10 m, pib yuag - 5 m, lub payload 0.5T. Npaj ntau yam ntawm 1.5 txhiab km, lub davhlau ceev txog li 9000 km / h.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm caj npab muaj 24 KH-2000 INS kev taw qhia system, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm 300 km, lub davhlau ceev ntawm txog 2 M, thiab cov pib luj ntawm 1 ton.

Ntau hom riam phom, rockets, tej tawg hem, mines thiab torpedoes, pov tseg daig kab foob pob, tau muab tso rau hauv lub ob puab compartments nruab nrog chaw dim pa thiab thermal tiv thaiv, kev thauj mus los thiab pov tseg systems.

Tau ntawm lub contest

Cov kev sib tw tau hais, tsuas yog cov xeeb ntxwv Sukhoi supersonic bomber Tu-160M txoj kev loj hlob OKB A. N. Tupoleva thiab M-20 los ntawm lub VM Myasishcheva.
Rau tej yaam num tau hais mus rau lub DAIM NTAWV QHIA nyob rau scientific thiab cov kev tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm xyoo 1972.
Tu-160 tub rog twb xub tso tseg vim hais tias ntau dhau kev zoo sib thooj nrog neeg caij dav hlau. M-20 txaus siab rau cov tub rog, tab sis tus tshiab khiv tsim Bureau twb tsis muaj cov chaw ntau lawm rau huab hwm coj zus tau tej cov machinery.

T-4MS attracted general mloog thiab suav hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis ... Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov tshiab fighter yog tsim nyob rau hauv OKB coj los Sukhoi, uas twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv xov tooj SU-27, lub tej hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm lub Su-24 fighter dav hlau khiav hauj lwm kev hloov kho thiab Su-17M. Qhov Ministry ntawm Aviation Kev lag luam xav tias cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "teeb" aviation tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau hauv ob ntau haiv neeg cov lus qhia KB yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.

Thiab yog li ntawd nws tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw yeej lub project Sukhoi PO, thiab ntxiv ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm Tupolev tsim Bureau. Thiab lub commander ntawm lub Cua Force P. S. Kutahov muaj thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv dhau Tupolev, tab sis lawv tsis kam thiab txuas ntxiv mus txhim kho nws tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob.

Yog li ntawd, cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov cua Force dav hlau yog hais txog cov tib payload thiab ntau yam ntawm subsonic speeds, tab sis, nrog davhlau loj ntau dua li 35%, thiab tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov ntau yam ntawm lub davhlau sverhzuke tshaj yuav yog tus project yuav tau txais P. Hais txog . Qhuav.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kawg ntawm cov kev sib tw tau txiav ua hauj lwm project T 4MS. Lub dav hlau tsis pom saum ntuj, tab sis lub tswv yim yog yug los thaum lub sij hawm nws kev loj hlob, nws yog embodied nyob rau hauv cov tib Tu-160 thiab Su-27 thiab Mig-29.Mozhet yuav, thiab txawm txhais rau hauv dav hlau no caug xyoo.