Silicate kev lag luam - thiab lub tsev, thiab lub ru tsev, thiab cov tais diav

Raws li nceb tom qab nag nyob hauv ntau lub nroog nyob thoob ntiaj teb pib loj hlob grandiose skyscrapers, sawv cev rau ib lub ci tsim qauv, uas seamlessly ua ke ua vaj tse thiab iav. Nws yog lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv, yog li xav thov tam sim no, uas ua rau lub lag luam silicate. Cov no muaj xws li cib thiab blocks. Ntxiv rau lawv, qhov no ceg ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam tsim cov iav thiab cov khoom siv ua xua.

Cov kev lag luam silicate yog ib qho haujlwm uas cov pob zeb sib xyaw silicon raug ua tiav (cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv cov kev tsim khoom yog raws li kev siv cov silicate mixtures, alloys ntawm polysilicates thiab aluminosilicates. Nws yog qhov kev lag luam no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam. Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, nws yog cov tais diav ceramic uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev nplij siab ntawm lub tsev. Qhov sib hloov tseem niaj hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub lauj kaub kab mob kis tau dav dav tsis tsuas yog los ntawm av nplaum, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ceramics.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov tais diav ua lag luam thiab cov khoom siv sab hauv, qhov kev lag luam silicate ua vuas vuas, vuas, kua kav, siv cov av nplaum nrog ntau cov tshuaj ntxhua. Kev sib txuas nrog dej qab zib, magnesium, calcium, thiab txhuas yog hom.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo, tag nrho cov khoom siv ceramic yuav raug muab faib ua peb hom:

- Cov khoom siv roj hmab - khoom siv uas nws siv nyob rau kev kub ntxhov (cib thiab blocks rau qhovcub, qhov cub tawg);

- ceramics uas tsis hloov lawv cov khoom thiab cov khoom hauv qaug tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj reagents;

- Txhuam ceramics, uas muaj cov tais diav thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas ua los ntawm earthenware thiab porcelain.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas xav tau, uas ua rau lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm ntsiag to xwb - iav. Lub ntsiab caij rau zus tau tej cov raw khoom yog quartz xuab zeb. Raws li qhov xav tau, ntau cov mixtures ntxiv rau nws: dej qab zib, limestone, potash, lead oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, tooj liab oxide, manganese compounds, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, muaj ntau qhov ntau hom ntawm cov khoom siv no.

Cov kev lag luam silicate ua cov nram qab no hom iav:

- fiberglass - siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim siv thiab kev lag luam tsheb;

- siv lead ua iav - siv los ua ntau yam lo ntsiab muag, nrog rau cov tais diav, chandeliers;

- Fiberglass - sib tov ntawm fiberglass thiab yas (qhov khoom no tau dhau los ua hauv nkoj, aviation thiab tsheb ciav hlau);

- xim iav - yog khoom noj khoom haus loj tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom txom ncauj, xim qhov rais iav, thiab lwm yam;

- tshuaj iav - qhia tau los ntawm ib theem siab ntawm refractoriness, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm tshuaj;

- zoo tib yam iav - yog ib qho khoom rau kev siv ntawm qhov rai qhov rai, cov kaus poom, hwj, tsom iav, thiab lwm yam;

- silica - cov ntshiab iav uas tsis muaj impurities (active daim ntawv siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam, mercury teeb).

Kev lag luam silicate yog ib ceg ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, nws qhov hnyav hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho lwm cov lag luam muaj ntau heev.