Qhov twg nyob rau hauv Moscow monuments rau Gogol? Gogol monument rau Gogol Boulevard: zaj dabneeg

Nyob rau hauv Russia nws tau yeej ib txwm tau ib tug cob xub thiab prestigious sib ntaus nrog tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov mlom. Tub huabtais Vladimir, tsim kom muaj cov ntseeg Vajtswv, poob rau hauv dej ib tug ntau ntawm Perun, tab sis tam sim no nws xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv thoob plaws Ukrainian khob qhov rooj nti Vladimir Ilyich.

"Nrog cov poj niam-Yagami nikchemushnaya zog"

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, mam li nco dheev kev txhawj xeeb txog cov monument los Gogol. Monument rau cov Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Prechistensky (tam sim no Gogol) Boulevard nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2014 nws tau txiav txim rau lauj, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw tom qab qub tej hauj lwm Andreeva, uas ua tau no Ameslikas, rov qab nyob rau hauv 1909.

Kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub zej zog nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem tsis muaj. Ib tug ntawm cov pej xeem ntseeg hais tias nws yog zoo dua mus rau tawm tej yam raws li lawv muaj, cov lwm yam xav ua kom "restore keeb kwm kev ncaj ncees", tsis xav yuav pom tau tias muaj ib yam kev xav ntawm expediency, los yog cov neej ntawm lub neej nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv (tom qab tag nrho, thaum lub caij muaj ib qho teeb meem thiab qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Russia). Ib tug neeg, tej zaum, yog tsis averse mus, tab sis nws yog nres ntawm purely economic motives: cov kws txawj hais tias yuav tsum tau hnav zoo li lug ntawm no thiab muaj - tsis yog ib tug pheej yig Library.

Tom qab Pushkin

Lub ib monument rau Gogol nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog tam sim no mus rov qab mus rau qhov chaw, lub hnyav zej zog txiav txim siab los txhim tsa nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1880. Xyoo no tau qhib ib lub monument Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu rau Tverskoy Boulevard. Nws drenched nws tus kheej nrog cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv lub kua muag ntawm kev kaj siab thiab lub siab ntsws xav, thiab tam sim ntawd muaj enthusiasts uas xav kom koj them tribute, thiab Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu. Lub monument twb npaj qhib rau lub fiftieth hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tuag - nyob rau hauv 1902, tab sis tsis muaj sij hawm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias yuav luag tam sim ntawd twb tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug subscription sau nyiaj, cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob ntsiag to rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

Accusations ntawm greed thiab qeeb, sounding los ntawm ob daim di ncauj ntawm ib co nuj nqis (M. Kuraeva, nyob rau hauv particular), nws yog tsis yog ib tug zoo-yuav tsum tau txais: rau cov monument los Aleksandru Sergeevichu sib sau sai sai (tag nrho cov classic zoo-paub daim duab nyob nees nkaum xyoo tom qab thaum pib ntawm lub subscription), tab sis kuj rau Nikolai tsis ces mus rau stingy.

Tsis txhob muaj lub sij hawm rau lub hnub tseem ceeb, sim rau ib tug tseem ceeb

Lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab industrialist, Demidov cog lus tooj liab "raws li tsim nyog" thiab txawm muab tsib txhiab. Muaj lwm yam neeg. By 1890, siav rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb pawg nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument, tab sis nws tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv ib tug hurry, thaum nyob rau hauv 1893 rau lub Emperor nws tus kheej tsis tau qhia rau nws kom "leeb".

Nws ua hauj lwm tsis yog li ntawd tsis ntev, tab sis cov mej zeej ntawm lub venerable los ua ke thaum kawg muaj ib tug series ntawm cov rooj sib tham thiab txiav txim rau tus neeg uas nws yog tsim nyog los "mus nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument." Interestingly, nws lub npe yog IB TUG qhov ntswg. Cia li ib tug dag ntawm tej tsi.

Cas, muaj teeb meem, peb muaj ib tug contest rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, tab sis tsis muaj ntawm cov sketches twb tsis nyiam rau commission. Nws los ua tseeb hais tias peb yuav tsum tsiv mus ceev ceev: inexorably cuag lub xyoo 1909 - lub centenary ntawm yug Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu twb tua. Monument, tsis mus siav rau lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag, yuav tau muab rau.

Doubtful sculptor, dubious project

Nws yog tseem tsis paub hais tias yog dab tsi rau backroom kev sib khom lus preceded kev pom zoo ntawm peb tes num Andreev, tab sis pom zoo rau nws tej yam ua ke (nyob rau tej yam kev mob, voiced los ntawm pawg neeg, ib tug tib lub suab tiv thaiv vetoed qhov saws me nyuam ntawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab). Tej zaum cov tshuaj tiag tiag twb yuam: lub sij hawm ib yam dab tsi yuav luag tsis muaj kev xaiv. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev tu siab nyob rau hauv ib nrab, siv ua hauj lwm pib, dav them los ntawm cov xovxwm thiab ua ib tug cus ciav kev sib tham ntawm cov Muscovites.

Yuav pib lub keeb neeg ntawm tus sau seb puas tsimnyog tau cov lus nug. Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kos duab ntawm cov sij hawm Opekushin Repin thiab menyuam cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais sculptor. Txawm li cas los, cov pej xeem ua xyem xyav: ib tug me ntsis kev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm monuments.

Tsis ntev ua ntej qhib ntawm ib tug zoo-paub critic Sergey Yablonovskii hu ua lub monument ib lub cim ntawm "txaus ntshai thiab phem," thiab qhia lub tswv yim hais tias "nws muaj ntau yam tsis xav mus." Raws li cov dej ntsia!

Pheej unveiling ntawm lub monument

Mus qhib ib tug monument rau Gogol nyob rau hauv Moscow los nrog zoo fanfare, txawm hais tias muaj tsis tau tsis muaj tus li ib txwm (nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg) bungling: tshwj xeeb tsa rostrum twb thawv, tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev txhaum los siv lawv txwv. Vim hais tias cov duab los ntawm cov lus qhib yuav pom nyob rau ntawm tus taw ntawm lub impressive hustle cia li qhib lub monument, thiab tom ntej no -. Cia lub "nrig txog kev pom ibyam" Thaum pib tsis Bode zoo ...

Cwj pwm txawv tshwm sim los ntawm lub monument, ib zaug sharply muab faib. Muaj coob tus tau txiav txim siab (Repin, piv txwv li), hais tias ua ntej lawv - ib tug tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, tab sis, theej ib tug loj heev cov neeg tuaj saib pom lub monument rau ib tug tiag tiag nti tawm nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis.

bent Gogol

Cov duab puab depicts ib tug txiv neej, kiag li qhwv nyob rau hauv ib tug cloak, nrog nws taub hau nyo tsawg. Nyo absurdly tau poob rau ntawm ib sab, Gogol twb zaum nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj zaum thiab yog cov embodiment ntawm Weltschmerz thiab nws nto moo ntev lub qhov ntswg yuav luag chwv nws lub hauv caug. Tetrahedral pedestal framed tooj liab ib daim hlab - ib tug bas-relief rau nws portrayed lub cim nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws. Lawv tsis ua thuam. Tab sis daim duab ntawm ib tug classic!

Poob qauv epigram: "Andreev ua los ntawm Gogol" Lub qhov ntswg "thiab" lub tsho loj nraud, ""; "Gogol, hunched lawm, zaum, Pushkin, Gogol tsim nws."

Tau mus kawm lub qhib ntawm tus poj niam Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Sofya Andreyevna, kuv nrhiav tau monument "ua qias" (raws li nyob rau hauv tus kheej chaw muag mis nyuj thiab sau). Heev txaus luag tias nws zoo txiv, zoo classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug monument nyiam.

Cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev ua phem peb puas ...

Nyob rau hauv no ntau, thiab peb nyob no heev heev xyuas. Txawm li cas los, hloov ib tug sedentary monument rau Gogol tsis muaj ib tug yuav, thiab yog nws nyob rau thaum pib ntawm Gogol Boulevard, tejzaum, mus hnub no, yog hais tias tus thib kaum xya xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los muaj hwj chim tsis tuaj "pawg neeg hluas, tsis paub hais tias," thiab tsis coj los txiav txim rau hauv lub destinies ntawm lub teb chaws (thiab monuments) nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab.

Gogol monument rau Gogol Boulevard ntawd kub ntev li tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, peb caug-tsib xyoo thiab thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm tau nyob rau hauv nres, nws yuav tag nrho cov phem ib hnub los ntawm hnub. Yog vim li cas yog, raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, lub bent daim duab ntawm cov zajlus classics rau koj qab haus huv rau Yauxej Vissarionovich, yuam tsis tu ncua rau sympathize skosobochennomu Gogol monument muaj raws nraim nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau lub dacha ntawm Kuntsevo, qhov twg tsawm lub hwjchim loj kawg nkaus Soviet general secretary.

Ua tsov ua rog nrog tooj liab txawj sau ntawv

Txhiab tus sycophants, xav ua kom haum tus hlub thawj coj, tsis stint on "kicks" creation Andreev. Lub npe nrov Soviet sculptor Vera Mukhina (sau lub npe nrov "neeg ua hauj lwm thiab Collective ua liaj ua teb") liam lub monument nyob rau hauv lub surrounding kev muaj tiag tsis sib xws. Lawv hais tias ib zaug muaj ib tug yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau tu siab nyob rau hauv Gogol - lub horrors ntawm tsarist tyranny thiab lwm leej lwm tus, thiab tam sim no ib yam dab tsi tu siab hais tias thaum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tau ua lub neej "zoo thiab kev lom zem?"

Thaum xub thawj muab rho sedentary Gogol monument nyob rau hauv Moscow tsis npaj - cia li yuav tsum los tsim kom tau lwm tug nyob rau ntawm lub lwm kawg ntawm tus square. Leej twg banged nws nrig rau lub rooj yog tsis paub, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1952, 100 th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, qhib ib tug tshiab monument, yog heev txawv los ntawm lub qub nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Tseem, rau lub hnub tseem ceeb!

Yav tas los nrog rau kev pom zoo ntawm peb tes num yog dua ib co maub: lub contest khiav tau xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm (tus tswv ntawm tsib Stalin Prizes!) Sculptor Tomsky, uas tom qab nws tus kheej lees hais tias Gogol monument rau Gogol Boulevard ntawm nws authorship frankly phem. Excuses tsuag tsuag: lawv hais tias, tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom tau ntau tshaj qualitatively, vim hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los cia rau cov nqe lus - mus rau lub puas hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv.

Tom qab qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug txhua xyoo ua hauj lwm dua tsoo ib yam dab tsi zoo li scandal. Pom ib tug monument rau tus tshiab-yug N. V. Gogolyu, cov pej xeem xav tsis thoob li (thiab ceeb). Tam sim no tus neeg sau ntawm lub zoo kawg li monument nrog ib tug monstrous khav theeb inscription "Los ntawm cov Soviet tsoom fwv" (uas tsis tau nkees ntawm ua kev lom zem rau ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua) ntaus rau lwm huab: los hloov cov neeg muaj mob, dejected classics yog ib tug tsi ntawm muaj lus zoo siab "seev cev xib fwb" - ntxhi, nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv dhaus cape frivolous. Ib txhia xam tau tias yog nws ib tug "masterpiece" caricature, thiab pej xeem cov paj huam dua tua caustic epigrams.

Tus pej thuam kuj yuav tsis zoo siab

Monument Andreev rhuav raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub 1951, rau cov dawb qhov chaw tsim ib tug tshiab, sawv-up monument rau Gogol (uas yuav embody lub yeej ntawm cov kos duab tshaj qhov tsaus ntuj nti muaj tiag).

Thaum xub thawj, "tsis tu siab lub ntsiab lus" Tooj Nikolai yuav txawm ua (xa yaj), tab sis cov neeg ua hauj ntawm tus Moscow Architectural Tsev khaws puav pheej txuj ci tseem ceeb rua artwork. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg muaj ib tug nyuag siv. Kom txog rau thaum 1959, lub monument twb khaws cia rhuav nyob rau hauv ib ceg ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Donskoy Monastery: ntawm no pom lub tsev ntau pliaj Soviet system sculptures marble daim duab nrog facades puas lawm Moscow pawg ntseeg, piv txwv li.

Nyob rau hauv 1959, lub "tu siab" cov txawj sau ntawv rov qab mus rau Moscow thiab nyob hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej (lub tsev koom suav A. Tolstoy). Townspeople hais tias tej yam ntsiab lus nyob rau Nikitsky Boulevard yuav pom zaum thiab sawv monument rau Gogol nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum ua hauj lwm ntawm Tomsk siv mus, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm 1952 pom thiab muaj meej mom, paub, piv txwv li, hais tias nws yog zoo dua kom haum rau hauv niaj hnub saib ntawm lub cheeb tsam.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov monuments ntawm lub Soviet era muaj ntau yam tsis zoo li, yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub "fun" Nikolai Vasilyevich raug teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov kws txawj hais tias cov los rov qab mus rau lub keeb kwm monument nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog fraught nrog tsi xam pom lwm yam mob: lub tsev yog heev qub, thaum lub sij hawm thauj yuav puas nws - nws yog zoo dua mus rau tawm tej yam raws li lawv muaj. Tseem, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus hais lus cam nrog lub fact tias ob lub monument rau Gogol - yog zoo dua tsis muaj.