Qhov tsua - ib tug natural shafts, kab noj hniav thiab qhov dej uas tshwm sim tej soluble pob zeb. Lawv muaj tseeb thaj tsam thiab rugged arches yog tsim vim lub cwj mem av dawb thiab limestone. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg winters yog txias, cua txias nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov tsua thiab muaj teev, yog li ntawd txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov huab cua sov yog nyob ze rau zero. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab tsim ib tug nplua nplua ua kiav txhab, stalactites thiab stalagmites. Kungur Ice tsua, nyob rau hauv lub Perm cheeb tsam, yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj thiab biggest Lavxias teb sab tsua, nws txav qhov ntev ntawm yuav luag rau kis lus mev. Nyob hauv ib lub hws khov toj rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Sylva dej.
Qhov twg qhov tsua tsim overlie xws pob zeb xws li limestone thiab gypsum, cwj mem av dawb, dolomite, marble thiab ntsev. Muaj yog txaus rainwater thiab nce. Qhov tsua muaj ntsug khoob, qhov dej, shafts, inclined nqe vaj lug kub, kis ntoo, halls thiab labyrinths. Nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab ceilings raws li stalagnates, stalagmites, stalactites, sinter-tsim mob thiab capillary Membrane helictites, thiab crystallictites corallites. Nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm tej qhov tsua yog ntws underground dej ntws, waterfalls, pas dej tsim nrog cov picturesque "zaberegami". Rau qhov tsua yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb microclimate. Yog li ntawd-hu ua speleofauna vim tsis muaj tshav ntuj thiab lub siab concentration ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide. huab cua kub nyob rau hauv lub qhov thiab sib npaug zos rau qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm lub cheeb tsam uas lawv muaj uas nyob ib sab.
Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Ural Toj siab, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Bashkortostan, yog ib lub qhov tsua Shulgan-Tash. Nyob rau hauv 1950, lub Soviet archaeologist A. Ryumin kawm hauv lub qhov tsua. Nws sab pob zeb paintings rau txog ib nrab ib tug kilometer. Duab rhinos, mammoths, nyuj qus thiab nees twb tau nrog ochre. Excavated tib neeg seem, tsiaj cov pob txha, hluav ncaig qhia hais tias muaj cov neeg tshaj kaum plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ua hauv ib lub qhov tsua.
Lavxias teb sab tsua yog heev heev. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Sayan Toj siab thiab nyob rau hauv lub suburbs. Tag nrho cov suburbs qhov tsua muaj ib co keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas peb coj lub pob zeb rau qhov kev siv ntawm Moscow. Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tsiv tsis, lwm tsim ntawm kev yuam kev thiab cov pob txha lov. Tam sim no Podmoskovnye qhov tsua nyob deb tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub Caucasus. Lawv nyiam scholars thiab tourists. Cov neeg ua tau kev txhawb nqa mus rau qhov gray hnub, muaj kev zoo siab hnub yug, kab tshoob kev kos thiab lwm yam koob tsheej. Kev coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub tej zaum ua rau yus disastrous txim. Vim li no, lub entrances rau lub chaw txua txiag zeb yog sau los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.
Tsis ntev los no, lub qhov tsua pib yuav tsum tau siv rau lam hom phiaj. Lawv microclimate muaj curative thaj chaw rau mob hawb pob sufferers. Lub high degree ntawm radioactivity thiab ionization ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua muaj ib tug nyhuv lig rau lub paj hlwb thiab kab systems. Speleoclimatic thawj chamber nruab nyob rau hauv sanatoriums "Kama" thiab "Malachite" nyob rau hauv lub resort UST-Kachka.