Qhia: txhais, qhov tseem ceeb, uas

Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm xov xwm kev sib txuas lus, siab technology, Sociology, psychology, thiab lwm yam sciences, yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntawm txoj kev tshawb yog cov ntaub ntawv. Lus Txhais ntawm lub sij hawm teem tseg los ntawm ntau yam kws tshawb fawb ntawm humanities thiab kev specializations. Cov kev hloov uas swept noob neej rau hauv lub era ntawm cov ntaub ntawv boom, yog loj-scale thiab systematic.

Ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej, kev soj ntsuam, sociologists thiab kev zaum piav nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev:

- "post-industrial haiv neeg" (Daniyee Tswb);

- "postmodern haiv neeg" (S. thiab S. crook Lesh);

- "ntaub ntawv haiv neeg" (F. Machlup thiab T. Umesao);

- "ntiaj teb no lub zos" (M. Makluen).

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsom ntsoov rau ib tug high degree ntawm dynamism, enormous ceev thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov ceev ceev pauv ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov lus ntawm cov tib neeg, loj thiab me me kev pab pawg, tag nrho tsev. Rau cov forefront los lub phenomenon ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv" tswvyim. Qhov no txhais nws muaj nws etymology, uas yuav siv sij hawm hauv paus hniav ntawm cov Latin lo lus "informatio" thiab yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ...

• saib xyuas;
• kev mloog lus;
• nkag siab txog ntawm cov (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog xa mus rau lub xaav, khiav ntawm ib yam dab tsi tsis paub hais tias, ib tug sib piv ntawm cov tshiab thiab qub kev txawj ntse).

Kev sib txuas lus thiab cov lus qhia: lub ntsiab txhais nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm xov xwm kev sib txuas lus

Cov kev xav ntawm "sib txuas lus" thiab "cov ntaub ntawv" yog tsis ib txwm tau mus generalize. Yog mus rau ntau kom meej meej delineate lawv to taub. Posts nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum tau to taub raws li tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kis los ntawm lub sender rau tus neeg. Nws tej zaum yuav tsis cia li lus thiab suab, ntawv nyeem, thiab kev cim, kev xav cua, lub ntsej muag kab zauv thiab raug, gestures. Tsis tas li ntawd muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm tus naas ej tus paub txog EP Prokhorov tias tsis tag nrho cov lus tau muab los xav cov ntaub ntawv, tiam sis tsuas yog cov neeg uas tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog rau cov neeg siv, tsuas yog cov uas ntaus nqi los yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Yog li, dab tsi los tshwm rau yuav undigested thiab tsis nco qab, nws tseem nyob rau ntawm theem ntawm cov lus, tsis ntog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv".

Lus Txhais ntawm ib tug generalized xwm

Cov ntaub ntawv (lat. Informatio - meej, txhais) - cov xov xwm hais txog dab tsi, ib tug neeg cov kev ua ub; ib tug system cov lus hais txog qhov tam sim no xov xwm los ntawm domestic thiab thoob ntiaj teb lub neej uas qhia cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kis kev paub tshiab, cov lus tseeb, tshwm sim ntawm kev nom kev tswv, kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kab lis kev cai thiab science (D. Grigorash).

Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muab faib mus rau hauv hom:

• lub hom phiaj thiab uas tsis yog-lub hom phiaj - epistemological dimension;
• attributive thiab haumxeeb - lub ontological;
• tej zaum thiab tiag tiag - pragmatic.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev sciences yog to taub raws li ib tug cov lus hais tias yog kis tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tej yam tshwm sim los yog teeb. Qhov no txoj kev yuav tsum tau ib qhov chaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg (receiver) thiab ib tug kev sib txuas lus channel.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub transformation ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev cwj pwm ntawm cov haiv neeg cov lus txhais ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv" lub tswv yim yog ua ib tug dav arsenal ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Nws muaj xws li tsis tsuas yog tib neeg kev sib txuas lus, tab sis tag nrho cov kev sib txuas lus dab nyob rau hauv engineering, lub humanities thiab lub ntuj sciences.

Ntaub ntawv npog cia: Lus Txhais

Private ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tus neeg hu ua pub leej twg paub thiab muaj xws li nws haiv neeg, cov ntaub ntawv, kev kawm ntawv, kev muaj txij nkawm, kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg, kev noj qab nyob raws li txoj cai, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov chaw nyob, hnub yug thiab chaw yug. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tau lees tias yuav state secrets, tab sis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev cai lij choj lub moj khaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab tej zaum yuav tsis tau ua rau pej xeem tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb.

Pub leej twg paub cov ntaub ntawv yog tswj los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv, antidumping thiab countervailing ntsuas rau txawv teb chaws ntawm cov khoom", muab cov kev hloov thiab ntxiv (tsab xov xwm 32); "Nyob rau Tej ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv", "Nyob rau ntaub ntawv, ntaub ntawv yees thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv".