Qhia los ntawm Sokurov Aleksandr Nikolaevich: biography, tus kheej lub neej, Filmography

Sokurov Aleksandr Nikolaevich - Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab zaj duab xis director, actor thiab screenwriter, honored Art Worker, neeg 's Artist ntawm Russia. Nws muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus, khoom thiab incredibly gifted. Nws ci ntsa iab ua hauj lwm tau txais paub nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teb films masters feem ntau tsis sai li sai tau mus txog lub hom phiaj cov neeg tuaj saib. Complex, feem ntau obscure, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg feemxyuam neeg. Niaj hnub no, peb zaj dab neeg txog nws.

thaum yau

Biography filmmaker pib nws countdown lub rau hli ntuj 1951. Cov tub tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub Irkutsk cheeb tsam. Leej Txiv Alexander Nikolayevich yog cov tub rog, thiab ib tug txiv neej raug xa mus tsis tu ncua rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov sijhawm uas nws ntawm nws lub neej nco Alexander Sokurov. Cov tsev neeg feem ntau tsiv los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw. Childhood me ntsis Sasha mus rau txoj kev - nws yuav tsum tau kom hloov cov tsev kawm ntawv, tawm hauv cov phooj ywg, raws li kev neeg tshiab. Lub neej txawb nws los ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm yam. Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv Alexander mus rau hauv teb chaws Poland, tab sis kawm tiav los ntawm yooj yim kev kawm twb nyob rau hauv Turkmenistan.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub nroog, lub birthplace ntawm Alexander Sokurov - Zos Podorvikha - nyob rau hauv 1956 nws tau nyab thaum pib ntawm lub Irkutsk pas chaw nres tsheb.

Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub Gorky State University. Twb thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb tus tub hluas tsom zoo kawg zeal thiab kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas tau kev cob cog rua nrog lub TV, sim los tsim lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Nws tau ua ob peb TV films, ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov kev pab cuam, mus nyob rau ntawm lub Gorky TV. Nyob rau hauv 1974, Alexander kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab tau txais ib daim ntawv kawm tiav historian.

Cinematography lub koom haum

Ib xyoo tom qab, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov nkag mus hauv VGIK nyob rau hauv lub directing department. Lub neej yav tom ntej guru movie ntaus studio AM Zguridi, qhov twg cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau qhia documentary directing, shooting kev nrov movies. Sokurov kawm yog ib qho yooj yim, nws plunged rau hauv qhov tswv yim txheej txheem. Rau kev vam meej txoj kev kawm ntawm ib tug tub hluas nws tau txais ib daim scholarship npe Eisenstein. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua yog du thiab rosy. Relations ntawm Sokurov thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum saib xyuas ntawm lub koom haum, raws li zoo raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev xinesmas sharpened txhua txhua hnub. Alexander Nikolayevich yuav sau tias anti-Soviet, liam ntawm formalism, nws me nyuam kawm ntawv tej hauj lwm twb tsis paub thiab twb tsis tau lees txais. Vim rau qhov confrontation Sokurov yog yooj yim dua thiab ntau kom raws li thaum ntxov li sai tau mus ua kom tiav qhov kev cob qhia, dua xeem ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov uas, ua tau, nws ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1979.

Incidentally, tus thawj daim duab ntawm lub novice thawj coj - "kho siab suab ntawm tus txiv neej," raws li Andrei Platonov, - uas yog tshaaj raws li ib tug tswv hauj lwm twb tsis tau qhab nia rau mus rau lub koom haum pawg neeg. Tag nrho cov npe yuav tsum tau raug puas tsuaj, tab sis daim duab txuj ci tseem ceeb dim - Sokurov nrog ib tug phooj ywg xwb nyiag nws los ntawm lub archive. Tom qab ntawd lus cim prestigious khoom plig ntawm thoob ntiaj teb zaj duab xis festivals.

Tus thawj muaj tswv yim cov kauj ruam

Thaum tseem muaj ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv tus thawj coj Sokurov tau ntsib nrog screenwriter Yuriem Arabovym, los ua nws collaborator nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab lub neej niam txiv. Lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Sokurov, uas saib nws cov thawj tus thawj coj kev ua hauj lwm thiab tom ntej writings, qhia los ntawm Tarkovsky.

Nws thawj feature zaj duab xis Alexander coj nyob rau ib zaj duab xis studio "Lenfilm", uas nyob rau hauv 1980 tuaj rau kev pom zoo ntawm Andreya Tarkovskogo. Nyob rau hauv parallel, tus thawj coj tau ua hauj lwm rau ib tug documentary zaj duab xis - nws collaborated Leningrad Documentary zaj duab xis Studio. Feem ntau Sokurov nyiam "Mosfilm", thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam, nws xav mus ua hauj lwm muaj. Txawm li cas los, cov ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm lub Moscow zaj duab xis studio thawj coj tsis nplua.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub debut daim duab ntawm Sokurov haum cov tub ceev xwm, thiab lawv tau destined rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm mus pw rau hauv lub txee - tus yeeb yam yog tsis tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub sis. Sokurov paub hais tias neeg ua phem kev nom kev tswv neeg tseem ceeb, pom tau hais tias nws tau raug teeb meem nrog lub cev ua phem, tab sis ho tsis tawm hauv lub teb chaws, txawm hais tias tus possibilities twb. "Kuv yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov hais tias kuv yog Lavxias teb sab," - said Alexander Sokurov. Nationality - nws belongs rau ib qho kev lub teb chaws, haiv neeg, cov lus, ritual thiab txoj kev ntseeg ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Rau cov hero ntawm peb cov zaj dabneeg motherland - Russia.

Filmography

Films uas yuav siv sij hawm Sokurov, tsis yooj yim, lawv nkaum ib daim card cov ntsiab lus, uas muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav nyeem ntawm cov kab, thiab tsis yog tus thawj lub sij hawm. Lawv yuam kom xav tias zoo zoo thiab tsis tu ncua thiab saib li cas tej zaum tsis xav pom. Noj tej zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov documentary zaj duab xis, tej zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus piv txwv, lawv yeej ib txwm muaj ib yam dab tsi los qhia rau tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Nws tsis yog entertaining movie los so kom txaus nrog paj kws thiab dej qab zib - "Tham nrog Solzhenitsyn", "Nyeem blockade Phau Ntawv", "Leej Txiv thiab Leej Tub", "Niam thiab Leej Tub" yog thawb rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov loj tej yam.

Alexander Sokurov - tus thawj coj, tom qab uas kaum yim feature films, ntau tshaj peb caug documentaries, suab, ua hauj lwm screenwriter. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub miv Maestro kuj kev. Nyob rau hauv 1980, Alexander starred nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam "Koj twb tau mus nyob," Vladimir Chumak. Qhov no cov qauv ntawm cov tub rog kawm, tsim raws li nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Smolyanitsky, koom nyob rau hauv nws cov tis tag nrho inflorescence lub feem ntau feemxyuam ntxias ntawm lub Soviet xinesmas, xws li Irina Muraviev, Igor Kvasha, Eugene stems Marina Dyuzheva thiab lwm tus neeg.

thaw

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1980s, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txoj kev loj hlob thawj coj Aleksandra Sokurova tau ib tug tshiab puag ncig.

Nws paintings, uas tau Ameslikas txwv tsis pub qhia, thaum kawg ua rau lub hom phiaj cov neeg tuaj saib. Thiab lawv yog cov tsis tsuas tau mus ntsib cov txiv neej dog dig nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tab sis kuj menyuam cov mej zeej ntawm lub pawg neeg pab txiav nyob rau hauv ntau zaj duab xis festivals, xws li cov thoob ntiaj teb sawv daws yuav. Qhia tas nyuab siab tias nws motherland - Russia thiab Alexander Sokurov, uas nws haiv neeg - Lavxias teb sab, yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov qhov no. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias yog hais ntawm lub Success tsaug rau ib tug heev tsim nyog paintings Sokurov qhia teb koj chaw.

Tsis pub dhau ib xyoo caum, pib nyob rau hauv 1980, Alexander ntau ntawm fruitful ua hauj lwm. Feem ntau ib xyoos nws muaj peev xwm mus muab lub neej mus rau ob peb films. Parallel mus rau lub shooting thawj coj Sokurov qhia beginners peb lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau hauv "Lenfilm" yog tus ua tawm hauv TV. Filmmaker tso ib tug series ntawm cov kev pab cuam hu ua "Sokurov Island," nyob rau hauv uas nws, ua ke nrog cov neeg tuaj saib twb nrhiav tau rau cov lus teb rau ntau nias teeb meem; kev sib tham nrog cov neeg tuaj saib txog qhov chaw ntawm xinesmas hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Alexander Sokurov coj charitable cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua rau cov neeg hluas.

Yuav ua li cas qhia "Francophonie"

Lwm daim duab, uas yog ncaj qha kev koom tes Sokurov - tus yeeb yam "Francophonie" - heev tshiab daim kab xev, uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2015. Cov ua hauj lwm tau txais kev lees paub ntawm cov Venice zaj duab xis Success thiab tiag do li hauv lub zej zog.

Yuav ua li cas qhia "Francophonie"? Sokurov tau ua ib zaj duab xis txog Paris, uas twb nyob los ntawm cov Nazis nyob rau hauv 1940. Nws kev txhawj xeeb li cas lub Frenchman - tus thawj coj ntawm lub lub Louvre - thiab ib tug German, xa mus rau saib xyuas cov tsev khaws puav pheej, koj puas tau dab tsi twb tsi ntawm puab tsis tos - lawv tau khaws cia los ntawm puas sau los ntawm lub lub Louvre. "Francophonie" - ib tug zaj duab xis uas screams ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus cawm cov nyob sab Europe kev cai qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab lub storyline nws tsis txua, tsis tshwm sim los ntawm paub daws teeb kev xav. Cov duab, coj ib tug tswv movie, qhia lub tswv yim ntawm Aleksandra Sokurova txog rau tam sim no teeb meem nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no - txog lub clash ntawm Muslim thiab Christian worlds, hais txog lub imminence ntawm ib tug humanitarian teeb meem, uas muaj peev xwm tseem yuav tiv thaiv tau. Master hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tam sim no - kom to taub nws thiab mus urgently ua ib yam dab tsi.

Alexander tsis yig mus qhia nws txoj hauj lwm thiab nws cov yam ntxwv rau txhua yam yuav mus nyob rau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no. Nws siab dawb paug ntseeg tias cov fundamentals ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab qhov tseem ceeb uas nyuaj heev tsim tiam dhau ib tiam, hnub no yog raug teeb meem nrog extinction. Nyob rau hauv lub onslaught ntawm cov Muslim kab lis kev cai - cov neeg ntawm lwm warehouse, ib tug txawv mus kom ze rau lub neej thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv general - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub qub ntiaj teb yuav ploj mus ib txhis, tog mus rau hauv lub abyss ntawm nothingness. Thiab nws yog scary. Ib tug npaum nkaus rau qhov teeb meem no thiab qhia lub daim duab ntawm lub "Francophonie".

Sokurov qhia txog hais tias nrog zoo sib hwm rau cov neeg ntawm lub Muslim txoj kev ntseeg, tab sis ntseeg hais tias "peb" tsuas yog qho tseem ceeb heev kom ib tug deb ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Prizes thiab txeeb

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov - ib tug txawv txawv tus neeg. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias dab tsi yog qhov pub leejtwg ntawm nws kawm tau zoo. Nws paub thiab hlub tus ua lag ua luam, uas yog muab kev koom tes. Sokurov ua hauj lwm li qhia siv kuj, tiv thiab meej. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej cov lus, nyob rau hauv lub koom haum cov nqe lus, ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm nrog. Nws txoj cai yog qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog fraught nrog rau tej thaum currents thiab reefs. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm creativity, ntawm chav kawm, txhua yam sib txawv.

Cuaj kaum, tus thawj coj Sokurov nyob rau hauv nws khiav ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam khoom plig, insignia thiab cov qhab nia, tias thaum xub thawj nws mas zoo kawg. Cov tswv hauj lwm muaj dua tau nominated rau khoom plig ntawm thoob ntiaj teb festivals: lub nqi zog "Golden Xyooj" nyob rau hauv Berlin zaj duab xis Success; Puav pheej "Nika" rau cov zaj duab xis "kho siab suab ntawm tus txiv neej"; Nqi zog ntawm lub Moscow zaj duab xis Success Tarkovsky; Puav pheej Critics ntawm Russia thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb txiav txim nqi zog rau cov zaj duab xis "Niam thiab Leej Tub". Kom nws trophies yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug nqi zog rau cov duab daws nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Lavxias teb sab Ark" nyob rau hauv lub Toronto zaj duab xis Success; tshwj xeeb nqi zog nyob rau hauv São Paulo rau lub zuag qhia tag nrho pab rau xinesmas; Argentine Zaj duab xis Critics Association puav pheej rau cov zaj duab xis "Lavxias teb sab Ark"; nqi zog rau "Rau cov lus ntawm kos duab, uas tau muaj ib feem nyob rau ntiaj teb no xinesmas."

State nqi zog ntawm Guj kuj

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov markers, muaj yog paub txog Sokurov raws li ib tug filmmaker thiab ib tug neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1995, Alexander npe hu ib yam ntawm cov puas zoo tshaj plaws directors ntawm lub ntiaj teb xinesmas; 1997 - honored Artist ntawm Russia.

Nyob rau hauv 2004, Sokurov twb muab tsub lub saib xyuas lub npe ntawm neeg lub Artist ntawm Russia. Nws muaj ib tug leb puav pheej - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Rising Sun thiab tus tub ceev xwm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Arts thiab ntawv. Pheej Sokurov tau txuas mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab xeev nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv 2014 nws twb muab tsub lub State nqi zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab.

Feem ntau, lub Maestro zoo nkauj private neeg - tsis nyiam ib tug lub siab mus rau lub plawv tham nrog reporters Aleksandr Sokurov. Tej lub neej zaj duab xis masters - lub ntsiab lus kaw. Txawm tias tej zaum tus thawj coj muaj peev xwm muab ib co ntsiab lus ntawm nws muaj tswv yim lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv ib tham Alexander hais txog lub awarding ntawm lub xeev nqi zog txoj kev. Nws hloov tawm hais tias tus txheej txheem no yog ntev thiab muaj ob peb theem. Daim ntawv teev cov neeg sib tw chiv pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub Council rau Culture thiab kawm nyob rau hauv lub Thawj Tswj Hwm. Daim ntawv teev cov kev sib tham, ib tug pov npav yog muaj, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim rau hauv lub tshuav sib tw yog pom zoo los ntawm cov Thawj Tswj Hwm. Uas daws teeb meem muab, thiab tom qab ib tug thaum tag nrho cov neeg sib tw tau rau awarding txoj kev. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub koom haum los ntawm ib tug txais tos nrog kev koom tes ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev, cov neeg tuaj koom yog pre-rehearsal ntawm lub ceremony. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Alexander II, mus koom nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim yog tsis yooj yim - nws yog heev exciting thiab yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog.

Tham txog yav tom ntej kev pab them nqi, tus thawj coj Sokurov lees paub hais tias txoj kev vam meej ntawm "La Francophonie" yog tsis xav kom nws mus so rau ntawm nws laurels. Maestro yog tag nrho ntawm tej tswv yim, tab sis twb tsis tau mus qhia kom paub meej txog lawv cov tej yaam num - ntshai jinx nws.