Painting: Renaissance. Creativity ntawm Italian ntxias ntawm lub Renaissance

Renaissance - txhais los ntawm Fabkis txhais tau tias "Rebirth". Nws yog yog li lub npe ib tug tag nrho era, symbolizing kev txawj ntse thiab tswv yim zoo flowering ntawm European kab lis kev cai. Lub rooj txhawb siab tau yug los nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua thiab mus txog rau nws ncov nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua, ushering nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm fading kev cai poob thiab stagnation (lub era ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog), uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub barbarism thiab ignorance.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance sau historian ntawm Italian keeb kwm, neeg pleev kob thiab sau ntawm cov phau ntawv hais txog lub neej uas nto moo ntxias, sculptors thiab architects ntawm Dzhordzho Vazari nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm XVI caug xyoo.

Chiv, lub sij hawm "Revival" meant ib tej lub sij hawm (thaum pib ntawm lub XIV century) tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab yoj ntawm cov kos duab. Tab sis tom qab ib lub sij hawm, cov tswvyim no lawm mas yuav kis ib tug dav heev txhais lus thiab tuaj mus txhais li cas ib tug tag nrho ntu ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsim ntawm kab lis kev cai, tawm tsam feudalism.

Renaissance lub sij hawm yog zoo txuas mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab yeej thiab tej hom kev ntawm painting nyob rau hauv ltalis. Muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub ancient dluab. Secularism thiab anthropocentrism yog ib feature, sau tus duab puab ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab painting. Renaissance displaces austerity characterizing cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Los txaus siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam worldly, tsis kawg kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tus txiv neej. Renaissance ntxias txoj kev lub zeem muag ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov scientific point of view, sim mus ua hauj lwm tawm txhua yam mus rau lub me tshaj kom meej. Cov paintings yog muaj tiag. Painting yog tag nrho ntawm cov cim style. Nws tau tsim muaj cov tswv yim yooj canons ntawm saj nyob rau hauv kos duab. Dav faib tswvyim tshiab ntawm philosophy hu ua "tib neeg", raws li uas ib tug neeg yog xav tau lub siab tshaj plaws muaj nqis.

Art kab lis kev cai Renaissance

flourishing ntsuj plig muaj sab qhia nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb sensual painting. Renaissance txuas kab lis kev cai nrog science. Ntxias pib pom daim duab raws li ib tug ceg ntawm kev txawj ntse, kawm kom huv si lub physiology ntawm tus txiv neej thiab lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntau realistically qhia qhov tseeb ntawm Vajtswv lub creation thiab cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv nws canvases. Ntau xim raug them nyiaj rau cov duab ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm uas kis tau rau hauv ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus ua tsaug rau cov kev txawj ntawm geniuses xws li Leonardo da Vinci.

Nws muaj tsib theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Italian daim duab ntawm lub Renaissance.

International (lub tsev hais plaub) Gothic

Uas originated nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XIII Gothic lub tsev hais plaub (ducento) yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau ntau brilliance, pomposity thiab pretentiousness. Lub ntsiab yam ntawm paintings yog ib tug tej yam me me thaj ib daim duab ntawm kev kawm. Ntxias siv tempera xim los tsim nws paintings. Lub Renaissance nplua nuj nto moo mej zeej ntawm lub sij hawm, rau piv txwv, xws li cov Italian painters Vittore Karpachcho thiab Sandro Bottichelli.

Pre-Renaissance lub sij hawm (Protorenessans)

Cov theem tom ntej, uas yog ntseeg yuav tsum tau xav thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, hu ua Protorenessans (trecento) thiab tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm XIII - pib ntawm XIV caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub humanistic ntiaj teb no yog keeb kwm lub sij hawm qhia lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus txiv neej, nws tus ntsuj plig, muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus puas siab puas ntsws lub ntsiab lus, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ib tug yooj yim thiab meej qauv. Kev cai dab qhuas scenes ploj mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab lub secular yog ua, thiab raws li lub ntsiab cim sawv ib tug txiv neej nrog nws txoj kev xav, lub ntsej muag kab zauv thiab gestures. Muaj cov thawj portraits ntawm lub Italian Renaissance, qeb duas icons. Nto moo nyuab ntawm lub sij hawm no - Giotto, Pietro Lorenzetti.

thaum ntxov Renaissance

Thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua pib rau theem ntawm thaum ntxov Renaissance (quattrocento), symbolizing lub flourishing ntawm painting nrog cov tsis muaj kev cai dab qhuas kev kawm. Ib sab rau icons ua tus tib neeg hom thiab toj roob hauv pes raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv painting, occupies ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib niche. Qhov tus tsim ntawm thaum ntxov Renaissance artistic kab lis kev cai Mozachcho ua, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim uas yog cov txawj ntse. Nws paintings muaj lub siab realism. Great masters soj ntsuam linear thiab sim saum nruab ntug foundations, lub cev thiab kev siv ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm, qhov chaw uas koj yuav saib tau qhov tseeb peb-dimensional qhov chaw. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hauv thaum ntxov Renaissance yog Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Pollaiuolo, Verrocchio.

High Renaissance los yog cov "Golden muaj hnub nyoog"

Txij li thaum lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XV pib theem siab Renaissance (cinquecento) thiab ntawd kub ntev li kuj luv luv, ua ntej XVI caug xyoo. Nws los ua qhov chaw ntawm Venice thiab Rome. Ntxias nthuav lawv ideological horizons thiab xav nyob rau hauv lub cosmos. Txiv neej zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub hero, perfect ob sab ntsuj plig thiab lub cev. Cov nuj nqis uas lub sij hawm no pom tau hais tias yuav Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian Vecellio, Buonarrotti Michelangelo thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov zoo cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub Italian Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci yog ib tug "universal" thiab yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb qhov tseeb. Txais duab puab, ua yeeb yam, ntau yam ntawm scientific thwmsim, nws muaj kev tswj kom nrhiav tau lub sij hawm rau painting. Creation "Madonna nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb" graphically qhia cov generated style neeg pleev kob ntawm lub teeb thiab ntxoov ntxoo, nyob rau lub compound yog ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo tsim cov nyhuv uas ntim thiab tus naas ej "Mona Lisa" yog ua los siv cov txheej txheem ntawm "smuffato", tsim lub illusion ntawm taws kub nnyiab ya.

lig Renaissance

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij Renaissance, uas tshwm sim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua, muaj ib tug qaug dab peg thiab looting ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub nroog Loos los ntawm German pab tub rog. Qhov kev tshwm sim cim pib ntawm lub era ntawm extinction. Roman Cultural Center tau ceased mus yuav cov patron nrog nto moo tshaj plaws cov nuj nqis, thiab lawv raug yuam mus disperse mus rau lwm cov European lub zos. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus sawv ntawm discrepancies ntawm cov views ntawm cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg thiab tib neeg nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XV Mannerism yuav predominant style uas characterizes lub painting. Renaissance yog maj los mus rau qhov kawg, vim hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm no style yog xav tau ib tug zoo nkauj yam uas zoo tshaj lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo, qhov tseeb thiab omnipotence ntawm yog vim li cas. Creativity yuav complex thiab acquires cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub confrontation ntawm txawv cov lus qhia. Ci ntsa iab ua hauj lwm yuav paub ntxias xws li Paolo Veronese Tinoretto Jacopo Pontormo (Karruchchi).

Ltalis los ua ib tug kev cai chaw ntawm lub painting thiab muab lub ntiaj teb ci ntsa iab nyuab ntawm lub sij hawm no, uas nws cov duab thiab cov tseem evoke kev xav delight.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau Ltalis, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab thiab painting muaj ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lwm yam European lub teb chaws. Nws lub npe hu ua rau lub Northern Renaissance. Tsim hnog cov Fabkis painting ntawm lub Renaissance, uas tau zus nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej av. Qhov kawg ntawm tus Puas Xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog coj mus rau nce pej xeem khiav thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis kos duab muaj realism, kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov kev txawj ntse, lub attraction rau cov dluab ntawm antiquity. Tag nrho cov nta theem nws mus rau lub Italian, tab sis muaj cov tragic sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub paintings yog ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv. Nto moo ntxias ntawm lub Renaissance nyob rau hauv Fabkis - Angerran Sharonton, Nikola Fromana, Zhan Fuke, Zhan Klue Senior.