Lub German philosopher Georg Hegel: Basic tswv yim

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - lub ntiaj teb no-nrov German philosopher. Nws thawj xib fwb kawm tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm thiaj li hu ua tsis idealism. Nyob rau hauv nws nws muaj peev xwm los mus kov yeej lub dualisms xws li lub siab thiab qhov, kev kawm thiab cov kwv. Georg Hegel, uas nws philosophy ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig tau koom ntau ntawm cov tswv yim, thiab niaj hnub no tseem yog ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab, inspiring tshiab tiam ntawm xav. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sib tham txog luv luv nws biography thiab yooj yim lub tswv yim. Kev mloog yuav tsum tau them mus rau lub philosophy ntawm meej ntsuj plig, ontology, epistemology, thiab dialectics.

biographical ntaub ntawv

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel thaum yau yog ib tug heev mas tus me nyuam. Cov peb hu 'Leej twg Paub?'. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug influential official. Nws txiv yog ib tug nruj thiab hlub thoob plaws hauv lub txheej txheem. Muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj thiab tib neeg kev sib raug zoo tsis tau tawm nws tsis muaj ab tsi. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau, Georg Hegel yog nyeem cov phau ntawv hais txog lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub ancient Greeks. Raws li peb paub, lawv yog cov thawj philosophers. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no mob siab tau raug thawb Hegel rau nws yav tom ntej hauj lwm. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Latin lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Stuttgart. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus nyeem ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv kev muaj me ntsis lwm tus yuav ua li cas. Feem ntau ntawm nws lub sij hawm, Georg Hegel muaj nyob rau hauv txawv cov tsev qiv ntawv. Nws yog ib tug zoo kawg kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm nom tswv philosophy, ua raws li cov txheej xwm ntawm Fabkis txoj kiv puag ncig, tab sis qhov kev koom tes ntawm lub teb chaws tsis tau nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej. Georg Hegel tas lub Theological university. Tom qab hais tias nws ua hauj lwm heev dua lwm yam rau nws cov kev qhia ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txij thaum pib ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas pab Schelling, uas lawv cov phooj ywg. Tab sis, ces lawv muaj ib tug kev sib ntaus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lawv philosophical views. Schelling txawm thov hais tias Hegel appropriated nws lub tswv yim. Txawm li cas los, keeb kwm tau muab tso rau txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw.

Fundamentals ntawm philosophical thought

Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej Hegel sau ntau tej hauj lwm. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov no yog cov "Science ntawm Logic", "Encyclopedia ntawm Philosophy" thiab "Fundamentals ntawm lub philosophy ntawm kev cai lij choj." Hegel ntseeg tej transcendentalism inconsistent raws li nws lov cov dual pawg xws li "tshaj plaws" thiab "lub tswv yim", "kev thaj yeeb" thiab "nco qab". Xaav yog thawj. Ntiaj teb no - yog nws derivative. Tej transcendentalism yog tau vim lub fact tias muaj yog tau ntshiab kev, uas yog superimposed on lub ntiaj teb no rau ib tug universal kev. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug Hegelian "tsis idealism". Ntsuj Plig thaum lub xwb kev muaj tiag yog tsis khov thawj teeb meem. Tag nrho cov ntawm Hegel lub philosophy yuav sau ua ke nyob rau hauv substantsionnomu daws. Raws li Hegel, tus Ntsuj Plig yog cyclical, nws overcomes nws tus kheej txhua txhua lub sij hawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau negation. Nws lub ntsiab yam ntxwv yog nws tus kheej-qib. Nws yog tsim raws li ib tug subjective tswv yim. Philosophical system yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub triad: thesis, antithesis thiab synthesis. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lub tom kawg ua rau nws nruj thiab ntshiab. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam - ua rau nws tau qhia lub hnyav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Georg Wilhelm Hegel: Philosophy ntawm lub Absolute tswv yim

Subject Ntsuj Plig tsim nyob rau hauv lub sab kev lig kev cai thiab mus rov qab mus rau Plato thiab Emmanuila Kanta. Georg Hegel kuj muaj leej twg paub tus ntawm Proclus, Eckhart, Leibniz, Böhme, Rousseau. Tag nrho cov zaum materialists txawv los ntawm dab tsi lawv xav hais tias txoj kev ywj pheej thiab nws tus kheej-kev txiav txim raws li tej yam uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ontological cuam tshuam rau tus ntsuj plig, lub siab thiab saum ntuj. Muaj ntau cov thwjtim ntawm Hegel hu ua nws philosophy ib hom ntawm meej idealism. Hegel lub tswvyim ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig yog txhais raws li ib qho kev sim nrhiav ib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub qhov los saum ntuj ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug ntawm nws sib cav, cov followers ua quotes tus poj German philosopher. Ntawm no, lawv txiav txim tias lub ntiaj teb no yog zoo tib yam nrog lub meej lub tswv yim (thiaj li hu ua Ntsuj Plig). Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov nqe lus nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb. Georg Friedrich Hegel, uas nws philosophy yog ua tau ntau npaum li cas nyuab txhais tau tias los ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig yog tsis muaj cov kev cai, tab sis qhov tseeb thiab theories uas tshwm sim sib nrug los ntawm nco qab. Lawv hav zoov tsis yog nyob ntawm seb seb puas los yog tsis lawv paub rau cov txiv neej. Qhov no Hegelian tsis muaj lub tswv yim yog zoo li Newton tus thib ob txoj cai. Nws yog ib lub xwb tswvyim uas tswj qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Hegel tus ontology

Nyob rau hauv "Science ntawm Logic" German philosopher qhia txog cov nram qab no ntawm cov hav zoov:

1. Net (khoom thiab qhov chaw uas sib thooj).
2. Determinate (tag nrho cov muab faib).
3. Rau-nws tus kheej ua (paub daws teeb tej yam uas pom zoo rau txhua tsav txhua yam).

Hegel lub epistemology

Georg Hegel, uas nws philosophy yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm tam sim ntawd tom qab Kant, tab sis yog, thiab los ntawm nws lub tswv yim, tab sis muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv tsis kam txais. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tsis nrog nws agnosticism. Rau Kant lub antinomy muab daws tsis tau, thiab qhov no xaus yog tus kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav. Ntxiv mus, muaj yog tsis muaj txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, Georg Hegel pom teeb meem thiab cuam engine kuab paub. Piv txwv li, peb yuav tsis paub tseeb tias lub ntug yog infinite. Rau Kant, nws yog ib qho teeb meem paradox. Nws mus tshaj lub bounds ntawm kev, ces nws yuav tsis tau comprehended thiab muaj kuab. Georg Hegel ntseeg hais tias qhov teeb meem no yog tus yuam sij rau kev nrhiav tshiab qeb. Piv txwv li, lub infinite kev kawm. Hegel lub epistemology yog raws li nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem, tsis txhob mus kev. Cov yav tas yog tsis yog ib tug ntawm kev tseeb, raws li nyob rau hauv Kant.

dialectics

Lub German philosopher Georg Hegel txwv nws tej lus qhia mus rau lwm tus. Nws tsis tau sim mus nrhiav lub hauv paus ua rau ntawm qhov tshwm sim, los yog lawv cov kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv zaum kawg tshwm sim. Tej yam yooj yim nrhiav nws tig mus rau hauv txoj. Qhov tseeb uas muaj nyob hauv lub contradiction ntawm ob. Nyob rau hauv no nws yog nyob ze rau Plato. Cov yav tas yog hu ua tus dialectic kos duab rau ntawm kev tsis sib haum. Txawm li cas los, Georg Friedrich Hegel mus txawm ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim uas tsis muaj ob disputants, thiab muaj tsuas yog ob tug. Sim mus rau lawv thaum lawv tseem ua rau yus lub disintegration ntawm uas yog tsim ib tug tshiab qeb. Tag nrho cov no yog tsis tooj mus rau logic ntawm Aristotle tus thib peb kev cai lij choj. Hegel nrhiav tsis tau nyob rau hauv ib tug perpetual contradiction impetus rau lub zog ntawm kev xav nyob rau hauv txoj kev, leem lub meej lub tswv yim.

Ntsuj Plig hais:

• Chiv Keeb (kom muaj nuj nqis, zoo).
• NTSIAB (kev muaj tiag phenomenon).
• Lub tswvyim (lub tswv yim, kev kawm, kwv).
• Txhua yam (qhov chaw, lub sij hawm, muaj teeb meem, tsab ntawv tsa suab).
• Physics (yeeb tshuaj, shaping).
• Organics (kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu, botany, geology).
• Subjective (anthropology, psychology, phenomenology), hom phiaj (kev cai lij choj, morality) thiab tsis (philosophy, kev ntseeg, kos duab) ntsuj plig.

kev philosophy

Muaj ntau criticized Hegel rau nws unscientific cov lus xaus hais txog cov xwm. Txawm li cas los, nws yeej tsis nyob rau ntawm nws thiab tsis ua ntawv thov. Gegel linkages elicited los ntawm contradictions thiab sim kho kom lawv paub tias. Nws tsis tau ua txuj mus rau lub foundations ntawm yam tseeb uas tshiab. Muaj ntau saib Hegel, lub founding leej txiv ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav nco qab. Txawm tias nws ua hauj lwm "Science ntawm Logic" tsis piav qhia txog lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug tej yam tsis yog vim li cas, uas yog lub hauv paus ua kom muaj tag nrho cov hav zoov. Qeb tsis sawv qhov xwm. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav hais tias Marx thiab Engels muab Hegel lub dialectics upside down. Lawv tau muaj txiaj ntsim rau sau txog hais tias lub tswv yim yog embodied nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub meej ntsuj plig ntawm Hegel - tsuas yog noob neej kev txawj ntse sau txog lub ntiaj teb no.

Marxism thiab cov Frankfurt tsev kawm ntawv

Hegel lub npe yog zoo txog rau peb niaj hnub no nrog rau lwm tus philosophical system. Tag nrho vim hais tias Marx thiab Engels lom zem ntau txawm nta hlo rau Hegel, tab sis tham nws kev nthuav qhia raws li nws yog muaj txiaj ntsim. Lub Frankfurt tsev kawm ntawv twb txawm ntau radical xav. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws conception lawv muab tso rau lub inevitability ntawm tus txiv neej-ua qeeg. Nyob rau hauv lawv pom, loj kab lis kev cai yuav tsum tau ib tug complexity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv technology, uas yuav tau ua rau cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias dialectical materialism thiab cov Marxist Frankfurt tsev kawm ntawv yog nce fading. Tab sis Hegel lub tswv yim tam sim no muaj ib tug tshiab yug.

Georg Hegel: tswv yim thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob

Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub German philosopher muaj peb qhov chaw:

1. Philosophy ntawm Ntsuj Plig.
2. Logic.
3. Lub philosophy ntawm qhov.

Hegel sib cav hais tias kev ntseeg thiab philosophy yog zoo tib yam. Nws txawv tsuas daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws system Hegel ntshai li lub crown ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm philosophy. Hegel tus nqis muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kom muaj lub philosophy thiab nyob rau hauv lub dav dav nco qab ntawm qhov tseeb thiab fruitful tswv yim: cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob, thiab keeb kwm. Nws cav hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi rau ib tug neeg tsis txuam nrog txhua yam. Qhov no yog tus txheej txheem. Raws li rau lub keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob, lawv Hegel piav ntau kom meej meej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub lub phenomenon, tsis muaj to taub tag nrho ntawm txoj kev, uas nws tau cog lus. Thiab ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws qhia tawm plays ib tug contradiction uas tso cai rau txoj kev loj hlob yog tsis yog ib tug kaw lub voj voog, tab sis tshee - los ntawm sab mus rau qib siab cov ntaub ntawv. Nws ua ib tug zoo pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Hegel txoj kev science, uas yog, lub sau ua ib pawg ntawm cov khoom cua pab kiag li lawm invented los ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab ywj siab ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Philosopher tau qhia nyob rau hauv nws lub cev, uas txawj ntse - yog ib cov keeb kwm cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb yuav tsis tau npaj rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws. Nws yog lossi evolving thiab yog qhia tawm nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem.