Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov ua rog, sib ntaus sib tua Lyaoyanskoe: cov neeg koom, cov kev tshwm sim

Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog ntawm 1904-1905 yog inevitable, vim hais tias nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, dramatically hloov lub geopolitical kev txaus siab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Thaum lub ntiaj teb no txoj kev loj States tsis tau kawm yuav ua li cas nrog tus yam geopolitical teeb meem tsis muaj kev siv dag zog yuam thiab, thiaj li, ntawm tib neeg cov neeg raug.

Cov ua rau Lavxias teb sab-Japanese ua tsov ua rog

1. Ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm tus phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias mus txog 90-ies ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo, lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawv teb chaws txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub Balkans, tab sis lub strengthening ntawm kev phooj ywg pib nyob rau hauv 1894 nrog rau Tuam Tshoj. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau muab mus rau lub Xeev diplomatic thiab cov tub rog kev pab nyob rau hauv tsov rog nrog rau Nyiajpoom teb.
2. Cov teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm Russia thiab Nyiv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub hwj nyob rau hauv lub Far East thiab Manchuria.

Strategic yuam kev thiab yeej ua tsov ua rog

Chiv, nws yog tseeb hais tias cov Japanese pab tub rog yog tsis npaj rau ib tug ntev kev tsov kev rog. Tab sis Lavxias teb sab generals ntseeg tias Asians yuav sib nrog lub European lub teb chaws thiab lub koom haum, ib tug tsov rog nyob rau hauv ob fronts. Qhov no yog ib tug xaiv yaam yuam kev ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tub rog thiab diplomats. Tsis tas li ntawd, Russians, piv txwv tias yog ib tug tag nrho ruamqauj rog ntawm Nyiv (los ntawm txoj kev, kuj yog ib tug yuam kev), kuv xav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Western Pem hauv ntej yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntau lub hwj chim tshaj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Lavxias teb sab kev npaj twb muab los ntawm exhausting protracted tsov rog nyob rau hauv uas lub 7-8-th lub hlis yuav ua tau tiav yeej ntawm hiav txwv thiab tsaws nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj. Nws loads raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov Japanese txoj kev npaj, cov tswv yim yooj yim uas yog ib qho instant ntaus rau lub Pacific Squadron thiab cov qaug dab peg ntawm kev tswj ntawm lub hiav txwv.

Qhov ratio ntawm rog nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv

Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Nyiv rau ob peb xyoo ua ntej tsov rog twb pib mus koom nyob rau hauv lub strengthening ntawm lawv fleets. Russia twb ua nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ua tsov ua rog, uas pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub hiav txwv. Piv txwv tias yog tus inevitability ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm teb chaws Nyiv Pooj, ua tub rog commanders tau pom lub ntsiab hauj lwm - lub strengthening ntawm lub Pacific fleet.

Yog li, peb xav txog lub xeev ntawm cov fleets ntawm lub teb chaws. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov ships ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj mus 1904 yog sib npaug zos rau 64. Ntawm no, torpedo - 35 kuj cruisers, lub nkoj tua rog, loj tej nkoj nquam. Txaus superior Japanese fleet Russia. Tsuas yog destroyer yog commissioned 47. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov rog ntawm Nyiv li cas 87 units. Raws li peb tau pom, tus xov tooj ntawm Navy Nyiv surpassed lub Lavxias teb sab squadron rau lub 23 ships. Tej zaum qhov Russians muaj kev tso siab nyob rau hauv cov kev superiority, tab sis nws tsis ua hauj lwm. Japanese ships twb sai, tua zoo dua thiab tau ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab txhaj tshuaj.

Cov phaum ntawm kev tsov kev rog

Lub suddenness ntawm lub - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev tsov rog. Cov Japanese pab tub rog thiab rog quab yuam yog lub ib hlis ntuj 27 launched ib tug tsov rog nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. Nco ntsoov hais tias ob lub sib ntaus tas ntse rau lub Japanese, txawm hais tias tus fleet tau kuj poob ib co muaj zog. Tus thawj nres yog ib tug Japanese hmo ntuj. Asians squadron muaj 25 ships nyob rau hauv peb hom: lub nkoj tua rog, cruisers, ncuab. Lub shelling ntawm Lavxias teb sab battleship "Tsarevich" thiab "Ratzivan" raug puas, raws li zoo raws li lub cruiser "Pallada". Lub unexpectedness ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tiag tiag twb tsis tau mus tua cov onslaught ntawm lub Japanese.

Qhov thib ob nres coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub yav sawv ntxov ntawm lub hnub qub, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub tsis ua hauj lwm tuaj lwm 5 Lavxias teb sab ships. Peb tsis tau hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj mus rau lub fleet ntawm lub faj tim teb chaws yog neeg tuag taus, tab sis nws yog tseem ceeb, vim hais tias cov phem kho nkoj tau raug launched.

Qhov twg yog tus thib ob sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub hnub? Tam sim no lub npe hu Korean Incheon ces hu ua Chemulpo. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1904, anchored nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj sawv 2 Lavxias teb sab nkoj "Varyag" thiab "Korean". Cov Japanese rog tau lub Lavxias teb sab rog ntawm 14 ships. Nws yog tseeb hais tias txoj hmoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab ships tau lawm tias, tab sis yeej lawv sai sai, lub Japanese tsis tau lawm. Lub commander ntawm lub "Varyag" Rudnev ntseeg hais tias peb yuav tsum ua tiag kom dim ntawm lub claws ntawm lub Japanese thiab ncav cuag Chaw nres nkoj Arthur. Nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv sib ntaus sib tua ensued. Puas "Varyag" twb tsis tau tso cai tawm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Kauslim mus siv, tab sis 3 lub Japanese nkoj kuj neutralized. Nco ntsoov tias lub Lavxias teb sab sailors twb tsis poob thiab tau tom qab tau txais lub tsev.

Cov kev tuag ntawm Makarov

Thawj coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog pom tau hais tias cov Pacific Fleet thaum pib ntawm tsov rog tsis dhau qhov kev xeem lub sib ntaus sib tua. Yuav kom tsim tub rog txib lub fleet tsa tus naas ej Vice-Admiral Makarov. Qhov no txiv neej muaj ntau kev sib ntaus los kev, yog li yuav tsum tau tiv zoo nrog cov paub tab.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub hli ntawm nws cov kev ua uas lub Lavxias teb sab fleet tau hloov. Makarov ho nce qib ntawm cov tub rog kev cob qhia, lub Navy tsa lub koom haum ua hauj lwm. ib ce muaj zog siv kuj nce, ua rau nws ua tau rau nce tus naj npawb thiab txoj kev vam meej ntawm ships yuav tawm mus rau hiav txwv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus Japanese tsis zaum idly los ntawm, menyuam cov zoo hloov nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy. Tag nrho cov qhov rooj tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj Arthur lossi mined. Lub peb hlis ntuj 31, 1904 lub cruiser "Petropavlovsk", uas sailed on board thiab Makarov, twb tshuab mus los ntawm ib tug kuv. Tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib raug tua.

Qhov thib ob theem ntawm tsov rog

Lub yeej ntawm lub Japanese Navy ua rau nws tau mus npaj cov kob xeev twb pauv mus rau Liaodong ceg av qab teb loj tsaws quab yuam. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub lag luam no tau npaj thiab txhim tsa nyob rau hauv ua ntej, vim hais tias cov tsis pub leejtwg paub me ntsis Japanese penetrated rau hauv Kauslim txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg 1903. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus Japanese pab tub rog tsis ua ib qho qhib aggression. Peb tham txog cov neeg los ntawm lub zeem cia uas yog traders, artisans, thiab hais txog. D. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov rog yog los npaj tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm tsaws ua hauj lwm, txawj ntse ua ke.

Los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 24 mus rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 3 rau cov Korean ntug dej tsaws ntau tshaj 35,000 Japanese. Peb yuav tsum to taub qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm Lavxias teb sab rog. Tag nrho cov zog ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia li cas 123 000 tus neeg. Ntawm no, kwv yees li 24,000 nyob hauv lub Primorsky Territory. Nyob rau Kwantung ceg av qab teb twb txog 30 txhiab. Russians 19000th pab tub rog zov lub ciam teb nrog Kauslim. Northeast Tuam Tshoj yog leeg ib qho tseem ceeb chaw uas zoo heev rau tsarist. Muaj ntau tshaj li 50 txhiab tus tub rog ntawm lub muaj koob muaj npe tub rog. Av pab tub rog txib los ntawm General A. N. Kuropatkin.

Lavxias teb sab pab pawg neeg nyob rau ciam nrog Kauslim ua passively. Slowness tau meant tias lub Japanese ua tsis tau tejyam mus tua lub 7000th corral Lavxias teb sab thiab defeat nws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus, lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau poob ntau tshaj 30 phom, hais txog 3 txhiab tub rog raug tua, thiab yuav tsum tau thim rov qab 70 kis lus mev. Lyaoyanskoe sib ntaus sib tua pib rau lub faj tim teb chaws ua tsis tau tejyam.

Jinzhou: lwm yeej ntawm tus muaj koob muaj npe tub rog

Yog, lub Russians tau convinced ntawm nws superiority rau daim av, tab sis nyob rau hauv no lawv twb yuam kev. Lwm Japanese pab tub rog los tsaws rau cov Liaodong ceg av qab teb Plaub Hlis Ntuj 22, 1904. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no kuj yog hais txog 35 txhiab. Japanese maneuver yog hais tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib pab tub rog txib los ntawm A. N. Kuropatkin thiab taws dej. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov hais kom ua Asians to taub tag nrho cov kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev phais, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 4 nyob rau hauv ib tug tsaws rau thaj tsam Dagushana numbering 15,000. Hom phiaj: mus them rau cov offensive nyob rau hauv Jinzhou.

Japanese trek mus rau lub nroog ntawd kub ntev li 19 hnub. Ze lub zos no yog lub narrowest tso cai nyob rau hauv lub Kwantung xauj Territory. Lavxias teb sab pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv no Isthmus yog hais txog 4 txhiab tus neeg. ntev rau Tej zaum 13th sib ntaus. Txawm hais tias Japanese losses twb 3 lub sij hawm ntau, tab sis qhov kev sib ntaus lawv yeej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no yeej, cov Japanese pab tub rog qhib lawv txoj kev mus rau lub chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Northeast Tuam Tshoj tuaj nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev tswj ntawm lub Japanese rog thiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog twb yeej txiav tawm los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Ntxiv sib ntaus sib tua nrog ua kev vam meej, thiab hnyav losses rau ob pab tub rog.

Lyaoyanskoe sib ntaus sib tua

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1904 peb theem ntawm kev tsov rog. Lyaoyanskoe sib ntaus sib tua twb npaj, vim hais tias peb lub hlis nyob ze no hais sib haum los tsim kom tau ib tug loj tiv thaiv. Raws li ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 1904 lub xov tooj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Manchurian Army yog 152,000, thiab Japanese rog nyob rau 22 txhiab tsawg tshaj li hais txog zauv. Lyaoyanskoe sib ntaus sib tua 1904 mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug tshwm sim hais tias tag lov tus ntsuj plig ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Dua li ntawm qhov qis tooj, cov thawj coj hauv lub offensive rau lub yim hli ntuj 11 mus rau lub Japanese. Lawv xav puag khawm cov Russians, los yog tsawg kawg kiag li cais lawv los ntawm tau txoj kev tshiab ntawm nce rog. Cov teg num tau koom rau cov Japanese rog lossi, vim hais tias lawv, tsis zoo li lub Russians uas twb heev kom nquag plias.

Kuropatkin tus tub rog twb tsis tau kom ruaj mus nyob rau hauv offensive, vim hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw yog ntau tshaj li 7000 km. Lub yim hli ntuj 19 Kuropatkin cob rau hauv cov Japanese tom ntej no taw tes tom qab uas muaj ib tug kev hem thawj ntawm capture Yantai. Vim pom tias tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ua tau tiav hais kom txiav txim siab mus Retreat rau Mukden. Lyaoyanskoe sib ntaus sib tua, uas cov neeg koom poob ib tug tag nrho ntawm 40 000 tus neeg tsom backwardness thiab immobility ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Tau ntawm tsov rog

Tham txog yav tom ntej sib ntaus, nyob rau hauv tus, muaj yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus, vim hais tias nws yog txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Japanese thiab kev txom nyeem hauv Russia.

Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm tsov rog rau Russia twb hnyav heev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Portsmouth kev sib haum xeeb Treaty ntawm 1905 hais tias:

1. Yav qab teb Sakhalin tsiv mus rau teb chaws Nyiv Pooj.
2. Nyiv tau txais nqi xauj tsev Liaodong ceg av qab teb.
3. Cov tau tus Japanese railway nyob hauv lub Liaodong ceg av qab teb.
4. Ntsoos ntsoos ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog los ntawm Manchuria.

Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Nyiv nkag mus hauv qhov teeb meem, lub txim ntawm kev uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj hnub no, vim hais tias ib tug kev sib haum xeeb treaty ntawm Russia thiab Nyiv ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm 1945, tsov rog twb tsis tau xaus tau lus.