Klod Debyussi: ib tug luv luv biography ntawm lub composer, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub neej, muaj tswv yim thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm

Composer Achille Klod Debyussi, rau reconcile Romanticism thiab modernism thiab cov puas tawm mus rau lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas lub neej ntawm hais tias lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub zoo nkauj music nws sau ib tug ntau ntawm zoo khoom music critics. Muaj ntau ntau tsim nyog cov tub zoo siab rau Fabkis, thiab ib tug ntawm lawv - Klod Debyussi. Luv luv biography ntawm nws them nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

thaum yau

Composer yug nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Paris nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1862. Nws txiv yog tus tswv ntawm ib tug me me Tuam Tshoj kav, nws tsis ntev muag thiab tau txais suav nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tsev neeg thiab txav mus li.

Muaj thiab siv yuav luag tag nrho nws cov me nyuam tseem yau Klod Debyussi. Luv luv biography hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm qhaj ntawv los ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej composer nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Nws yog tus Franco-Prussian tsov ua rog, thiab kuv niam coj tam sim ntawd tus me nyuam deb ntawm lub shooting - nyob rau hauv Cannes.

Piano

Muaj, thaum muaj hnub nyoog yim, Claude pib noj piano zaj lus qhia, thiab lawv nyiam nws yog li ntawd, thiab rov qab mus rau Paris, nws tsis txiav luam yeeb. Ntawm no nws qhia Antoinette nyuag hmoov ntoo de Fleurville, toscha kws sau paj lug Verlaine thiab ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub composer thiab pianist Chopin. Tom qab ob lub xyoos (kaum xyoo), Claude tau kawm nyob rau Paris Conservatory: piano nws qhia nws tus kheej Antoine Marmontel, solfege - Aotber Lavinyak thiab lub cev - Sezar Frank.

Xya xyoo tom qab, Debussy yeej tus nqi zog rau qhov kev kawm ntawm ib tug Sonata los ntawm Schumann, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau, nws twb tsis cim thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau conservatory. Tab sis cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab accompaniment tawg tiag tiag scandal, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm Klod Debyussi. Luv luv biography thiab hais tias nws yeej hais qhov no. Laus lub tsev kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv Emil Dyuran tsis pub txawm lub feem ntau coj harmonic npaj thwmsim, thiab Debussy hu ua pompous kev sib raug zoo xib fwb-suab funny txoj kev sorting. Nws pib kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg tsuas yog tom qab yuav luag kaum xyoo, nyob rau hauv 1880, xibfwb Ernesta Giro.

Debussy thiab Russia

Tsis ntev ua ntej no, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev music xib fwb thiab pianist, twb pom nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj nyiaj Lavxias teb sab tsev neeg. Cov tsev neeg mus rau ltalis thiab Switzerland, nrog nws thiab Klod Debyussi. Luv luv biography nrog cov ntsiab lus qhia txog cov patron Nadezhda von Meck, uas pab Tchaikovsky thiab ntau lwm yam tswv yim neeg. Nws yog qhov no thiab ntiav Claude Debussy. Ob tug summers nyob rau hauv ib tug kab composer muaj nyob ze Moscow - nyob rau hauv Plescheevo, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv kom meej nrog rau qhov tseeb Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thiab yog zoo siab nrog tsev kawm ntawv no ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Ntawm no nws qhib thiab Tchaikovsky, Balakirev thiab Borodin. Nws twb tshwj xeeb qhuas los ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm Mussorgsky. Nrog rau von Meck nyob rau hauv Vienna Debussy xub thawj kuv hnov Wagner twb fascinated los ntawm "Tristan thiab Isolde". Tu siab, tsis ntev no qab ntxiag thiab yuav pab tau (thiab zoo them) txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tawm, vim hais tias mam li nco dheev sab ib co infatuation Debussy ib tug ntawm cov ntxhais ntawm von Meck.

dua nyob rau hauv Paris

Nyob rau hauv lub hometown ntawm lub composer tau txais ib accompanist nyob rau hauv lub suab studio, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog tus pib xyaum ua hu nkauj Madame Vanier, uas yuav zoo ntug nws vajvoog ntawm acquaintances nyob rau hauv Parisian Bohemia.

Rau nws, nws muaj nws tus thawj masterpieces. Ntawm no, thaum kawg, pib muaj tseeb "suab" Klod Debyussi. Biography, ib txoj kev uas muaj ib tug piav qhia ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo thiab cov kev tshwm sim - lub exquisite ballads "nyob rau lub txawj ntse" thiab "Mandolin", hais tias tus thawj milestone.

kev kawm ntawv puav pheej

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txuas ntxiv conservatory kawm ntawv. Muaj Claude sim mus nrhiav txaus thiab kev vam meej ntawm cov lug txhawb cov miv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1883 nws tau muab tsub rau lub cantata "Gladiator" tus thib ob Prix de Rome. Tom qab ntawd nws sau lwm cantata - "tub tau ploj lawm", thiab cov nram qab no xyoo yeej lub Grand Prix de Rome, nrog rau kev pab nws nyob rau hauv no (cia li thiab kov ub kov no) lub composer Sharl Guno.

Tej hli muaj mus ua hauj lwm rau ib tug yuav tsum hauv paus, thiab Debussy nrog ib zag ncua sij hawm ntawm ob lub hlis tawm ntawm pej xeem cov nyiaj them mus rau tim Loos, qhov twg ntev li ob lub xyoos yuav tsum tau nyob nrog rau lwm cov winners ntawm cov Villa Medici thiab tsim muaj music uas yuav haum rau txoj kev kawm konservatortsam.

Rome

Lub neej uas yuav coj Klod Debyussi, ib tug luv luv biography rau cov me nyuam tsis yog ua ke, li ntawd, nws yog contradictory thiab tsis meej xwm. Nws xav tau nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm Academy ntawm conservatives, thiab tsis kam ua. Nqi zog twb muab tsub, tab sis ua raws nws muaj tsis muaj muaj siab, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum kaj tias nrog cov kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau.

Thiab es tsis txhob ntawm kev sau ntawv zoo nkauj zaj nkauj yog ib yam dab tsi tsoos. Thiab yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau koj tus kheej, thawj thiab tsis muaj leej twg zoo li suab paj nruas lus thiab style! Ntawm no thiab contradictions. Academic professors tsis kam txais thiab twb tsis muab tso rau mus rau txhua yam tshiab.

impressionism

Raws li tau leej twg, lub Roman lub sij hawm ntawm creativity tsis yog heev npaum li cas ib txoj muaj nqi. Italian music yog tsis nyob ze rau qhov composer, nws tsis nyiam Rome ... Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug silver meem. Ntawm no Debussy kawm paj huam ntawm lub Pre-Raphaelites thiab pib sau ib zaj paj huam, "ib tug nkauj xwb-fiancee" rau lub suab thiab orchestra. Nws sau kwv huam rau Gabriel Rossetti. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, Debussy tsom nta ntawm nws cov suab paj nruas cwm pwm.

Tom qab ib tug ob peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv Paris taws los ntawm ib tug symphonic Ode Heine "Zyuleyma", thiab ib xyoos tom qab ib tug suite rau hu nkauj ua ke (vocalize) thiab Orchestra "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav" - ib tug painting ntawm Botticelli. Ntawm no yog ib tug suite thiab spodvigla kawm hais tias tus thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm lo lus "impressionism". Lo lus yog derogatory rau lawv. Debussy, dhau lawm, tsis nyiam lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhua txoj kev sim deb nws tus kheej los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws ua hauj lwm.

Hais txog style

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm impressionism heev coj zoo nyob rau lub painters, tab sis lub suab paj nruag yog tsis txawm teem tseg. Txawm lub style tseem tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no-hais tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Cia li kawm professors pob ntseg kom hlob tus qauv thiab ntshai tsam rau Debussy.

Tiam sis hais txog cov tib "Zyuleyme" Debussy nws tus kheej hais txawm nrog irony thiab sarcasm, uas nco nws ntawm no suab paj nruag yog ib yam dab tsi Meyerbeer, yam tsis. Tab sis qhov kawg ob tej hauj lwm nws muaj tsis muaj irony tsis ua, thiab thaum twg lub "caij nplooj ntoos hlav" tsis kam ua nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, ua tib yam "nkauj xwb, darling," Debussy flared thiab tsoo tawm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Academy.

Wagner thiab Mussorgsky

Ob peb cov neeg yog li ntse rau qhov tshiab uas, raws li Klod Debyussi. Luv luv biography ntawm creativity nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cover mus tsis tau, txawm li cas los, lub song voj voog "Tsib kwv huam ntawm Baudelaire," yog tsim nyog ntawm ib lo lus. Nws tsis yog ib qho imitation ntawm Wagner, tab sis tus ntawm lub masters rau Debussy yog lossis loj, thiab koj yuav hnov nws. Ntau muaj thiab puas rau ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv particular los ntawm cov adoration ntawm cov suab paj nruag los ntawm Mussorgsky.

Tom qab nws tus yam ntxwv, Debussy txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kev pab txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg, tsis tas koj tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv 1889 Paris ntiaj teb Fair twb muaj, thiab qhov chaw uas composer kos mloog mus rau lub txawv suab paj nruag ntawm Java thiab annamitskogo orchestras. Lub tswv yim twb ncua, tab sis lub tsim ntawm nws cov composer lub style twb tsis tau pab, nws coj peb xyoo ntxiv.

salon Chausson

Thaum kawg ntawm lub 80s nws pib tsim "impressionistic" Achille Claude Debussy biography. Ntsiab hnub ntawm lub composer lub neej yog tsis yog li ntawd heev heev, uas lawv tsis nco qab, tab sis qhov no yog ib tug - qhov ntau li ntawd vim hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Debussy raws li amateur composer Ernest Chausson thiab cov phooj ywg uas muaj ntau cov qhua ntawm nws artistic salon.

Muaj legendary celebrities, tsis tshua muaj neeg interesting cov neeg xws li composers Albéniz, Fauré, du Parc, Phewa muaj thiab Polina Viardo, thiab nrog nws tuaj cov txawj sau ntawv Ivan Turgenev, ua si muaj violinist Ezhen Isai thiab pianist Alfred Cortot-Denis, kos nws Klod Mone. Nws yog muaj thiab nws yog ces hais tias cov phooj ywg Stéphane Mallarmé thiab Klod Debyussi. Biography ntawm lub composer enriched los ntawm tshiab encounters, sib tam, kev phooj ywg thiab kev koom tes. Thiab tsis tau tias yog thaum twg Edgar Allan Poe rau lub neej los ua tus nyiam txawj sau ntawv ntawm Claude Debussy.

Erik Satie

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov neeg no yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas cuam tshuam rau tsim ntawm lub composer tus txuj ci, raws li lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv Montmartre nyob rau hauv 1891, nrog zoo tib yam taporom "cov khw nojmov nyob rau hauv cov huab." Nws lub npe yog Eric Satie. Improvisation, uas hnov Debussy nyob rau hauv no tsev noj mov, ciali mus nws ib tug unusually tshiab, leej twg tsis nyiam, thiab yeej tsis kafeshantannymi. Ntsib nrog nws, Debussy thiab menyuam txoj kev ywj pheej uas nws nyob thiab tham txog lub neej ntawm ib qho kev ywj neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws kev txiav txim txog cov suab paj nruag yog tsis stereotyping, nws yog bitingly witty thiab tsis spare cov tub ceev xwm.

Vocal thiab piano tej hauj lwm ntawm Satie twb desperately bold, tab sis yog tsis sau heev tso. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tug txiv neej ntawd kub ntev li rau ze li ntawm ib lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo thiab yeej tsis tau yooj yim, nws yog ib tug phooj ywg, kev sib ntxub, tag nrho ntawm quarrels, tab sis nco ntsoov nplua nuj nkag siab. Nws piav Debussy tag nrho yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm cov loj heev muaj tswv yim cawv ntawm Wagner thiab Mussorgsky, raws li nws tsis yog lub Fabkis ntuj xav. Nws tsom Debussy yog nrig txog kev pom cov cuab yeej uas tau ntev enjoyed qhov nyuab Cézanne, Monet, Toulouse-Lautrec, nws tseem mus nrhiav tau txoj kev yuav tawm mus rau lawv mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag.

Tav su ntawm ib tug Faun

Nyob rau hauv 1893, tsuas yog yuav tsum pib ib tug ntev tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv lub opera ntawm Maeterlinck lub "Pelleas thiab Melisandre." Thiab ces nws yog twb tau ua siab loj rau cov lo lus "impressionism" ntxiv ib lub npe - Debyussi Klod. Biography - Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm lub neej, muaj tswv yim, tig lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau daim duab thiab ntau npaum li cas, tab sis nws yog nws tivthaiv qhov chaw, thiab lub ntsiab yog yeej ib txwm ib co ib tug. Rau Debussy yog, ntawm chav kawm, muaj tswv yim. Ib xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1894-m, nws twb tshwm sim los ntawm Mallarme lub eclogue, thiab nws muaj ib tug "ua lag ua luam daim card" ntawm Impressionism - "Lub Tav su ntawm ib tug Faun", unmatched nyob rau hauv brilliance symphonic prelude.

Ua hauj lwm rau lub opera tau demanded cuaj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv parallel, Debussy sau tsawg loj cov khoom, tab sis tsis qhov tsawg kos npe rau: orchestral triptych "Lub hiav txwv" nrog ib tug tiag tiag symphonic scale, qhov twg lub ntsiab twb tham mus rau txhua lwm yam (qhov xaus - "Cov kev sib tham cua thiab lub hiav txwv"). Tag nrho cov suab paj nruag composer los ua tiag tiag zoo li ib tug Monet - audible tones - "xim" - yog volatile, ob lub qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug kaleidoscope.

"Dluab", "raug luag muab tua" thiab "ua si"

Orchestral nyiaj so koobtsheej duab mob siab rau peb lub teb chaws - Fabkis, Spain thiab hais tau sau thiab ua rau xya xyoo, pib los ntawm 1905. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo lus Mev "Iberia" - ib tug kaj thiab zoo siab kawg feem thiab sib piv nocturne "Flavors ntawm lub hmo ntuj" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv 1911, ib tug cia li tsis nyuaj rau listeners lub suab paj nruag ntawm Debussy, uas yog twb accustomed mus, thiab hlub cov kev ua si capricious changeable harmonic entanglements nyob rau hauv nws tom qab tej hauj lwm. Sib raug zoo mam li nco dheev coj tus ntsuj plig ntawm antiquity, kev ntxhib los mos tau ua mob heev thiab heev yig. Nws yog suab paj nruag, tsim lub paub tsis meej ntawm "raug luag muab tua ntawm St. Sebastian" Gabriel d'Annutsio. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1913, nws tau txais kev txiav txim rau ib tug-act tus neeg dhia tes "ua si" los ntawm S. P. Dyagileva uas Debussy ua siab loj thiab coj zoo tiv nrog lub hauj lwm.

Piano

Suite rau Piano Debussy tsim rau indescribably ntau centuries, yuav luag txhua txhua txawm me ntsis kev hais kwv txhiaj pianist yog tam sim no ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog no suab paj nruag. Qhov no fourfold "Bergamasque Suite" muaj li ntawm nyob rau hauv 1890, thiab ib tug peb-ib feem, thawj tsis nyuaj nyob rau hauv 1901, uas yuav tsum havzoov imitation ntawm lub Rococo style.

Los ntawm 1903 mus 1910-th Debussy thiaj li sau ob phau ntawv sau piano "Prelude" thiab "Prints". Nyob rau hauv 1915, nws ua tiav lub voj voog ntawm lub kaum ob "Etudes", nplooj siab mus rau Frederic Chopin. Friendship nrog Igor Stravinsky "hnov" nyob rau hauv lub suite rau ob pianos "Nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab dawb," uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1915, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co suab tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no.

Vocal thiab chamber music

Ntau npaum li cas neoclassical pib nws suab tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej. Verses ntawm Fabkis paj huam ntawm lub Renaissance los ua lub hauv paus ntawm "Zaj nkauj ntawm Fabkis" uas Debussy tas sau ntawv nyob rau hauv 1904, "Taug kev Neeg nyiam heev", uas tus sau muab tso rau rau xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv 1910, tab sis lub "Peb ballads" rau Villon tus kwv huam sau sai sai.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus suab music, Debussy tsis tawm thiab chamber ib hom ntawv nyeem: nws sau ib tug ntau ntawm me me, tab sis heev ci thiab tau ua nrov tag nrho tej hauj lwm rau Cello thiab piano, viola, raj thiab harp - lub trio, nkauj laus ncas thiab piano. Nws tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus ua kom tiav ib lub voj voog rau chamber sonatas. Klod Debyussi tuag nyob rau hauv 1918, nyob rau hauv Paris, los ntawm cancer. Tab sis lub ntiaj teb no yuav nco ntsoov.