Khib - dab tsi yog qhov no? kev faib

Noob neej tau ntev ploj mus tshaj lub hom uas muaj nyob peacefully nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb biosphere. Ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm kev vam meej sib thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas thoughtlessly siv peb ntiaj chaw cov kev pab - minerals, xau, muaj thiab fauna, dej thiab huab cua. Txhua yam yog dab tsi nce mus txog rau hauv lub tes, tib neeg yog remade los ntawm cov loj hlob rau kev xav tau ntawm peb cov technocratic zej zog. Qhov no tsis tsuas ua rau yus lub havzoov ntawm cov ntiaj chaw cov kev pab, tab sis kuj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm heev cov xwm sib txawv ntawm cov khib nyiab.

Yuav ua li cas yog pov tseg nyob rau hauv kev? Yog lawv ib qho teeb meem rau peb?

Yog hais tias piv thiab generalize, tus pov tseg - yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm domestic thiab muaj kev ua ub no ntawm noob neej, ua rau raug mob rau lub cheeb tsam. Cov muaj xws li tej technocratic khoom los yog qhov chaw ntawm lawv tau poob lawv cov nqi thiab yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev, tom hauj lwm los yog nyob rau hauv lwm yam tib neeg kev ua si. Niaj hnub no lub qhov teeb meem no yog xws li hais tias lub ntiaj teb muaj lub peev xwm mus cia poob dej tuag hauv lawv tus kheej cov khoom pov tseg, yog hais tias tsis muaj ib tug heev loj heev thiab ceev kev ntsuas yog npaum li cas.

Xav txog tej yam lub scale ntawm qhov teeb meem, tsuas yog ib qhov tseeb: nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, ib tug neeg nyob ntawm lub metropolis ua ib xyoo mus mus rau ib tug ton ntawm tsev neeg pov tseg. Tons! Qhov zoo ces, feem ntau ntawm cov pov tseg yog siv, tiam sis feem ntau khom rau ib tug loj heev landfill, uas yog cluttered nrog ntau yam ntawm cov coob lub zos nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Piv txwv li, nyob ib ncig ntawm 800 hectares ntawm Moscow tsuas npaj landfills. Thiab tej zaum kaum lub sij hawm ntau yam ntuj tso - nyob rau hauv ravines, ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm cov dej ntws thiab ntws, roadsides.

Tam sim no xav txog tej yam ib tug loj tsob nroj - metallurgical, textile, tshuaj - tsis yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb. Khib ntawm xws lawm no kuj ntsuas nyob rau hauv tonnes, tab sis tsis yog rau ib lub xyoo thiab ib hnub twg. Cia li xav txog tej yam no qias neeg, tshuaj lom kwj yuav mus los ntawm ib tug metallurgical cog rau hauv Siberia thiab tshuaj cog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Pakistan, tsheb ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Kauslim Teb thiab ib lub Hoobkas ntawm daim ntawv khoom nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Khib - ib qho teeb meem? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, thiab loj heev.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm pov tseg

Ua ntej lub advent ntawm cov khoom cua pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv uas, rau qhov cov, tsis ua ib ke. Tawg taus, hnav tawm thiab ces muab pov tseg ib lub tsho, lub nkoj tog dej thiab txawm tsis nco qab lawm, overgrown nrog ntxhuab tsev fuabtais tab sis yog lawv cov khoom ntawm tib neeg, tiam sis tsis ua mob rau lub ntiaj chaw thov - organic tiav, cov inorganic ntsiag to thiab peacefully sab laug lub hauv av, tos rau lub siab archaeologists.

Tej zaum tus thawj "tiag tiag" tsev neeg pov tseg - qhov no iav, tab sis tus thawj lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv miniscule ntau. Tab sis cov thawj loj industrial pov tseg yog lub lem ntawm 18-19 centuries, nrog lub advent ntawm lub Hoobkas tshuab hom. Txij thaum ntawd los, lawv muaj pes tsawg yog loj hlob zoo li ib tug avalanche. Yog hais tias lub Hoobkas xyoo pua 19 xwb tso rau hauv lub chaw thee combustion khoom, muaj giants xyoo pua 21 poured mus rau hauv hav dej, pas dej thiab tej dej hiav txwv lab ntawm nkas loos mas lom pov tseg, tig lawv mus rau hauv "graves".

Ib tug tiag tiag "revolutionary" txhob nyob rau hauv ua lub xov tooj ntawm domestic thiab muaj pov tseg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau thaum pib ntawm thoob plaws siv roj av thiab roj av khoom nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej - yas.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm pov tseg: kev faib

Cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los xyoo lawm tau ua xws li ib inordinate nqi ntawm pov tseg hais tias lawv yuav muab tau yooj yim muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg: khoom noj khoom haus pov tseg thiab pov tseg ntawm daim ntawv, lub khob thiab yas, kev kho mob thiab steel, ntoo thiab roj hmab, tej, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv yog tsis txaus rau lawv tej yam tsis zoo rau cov ib puag ncig. Rau ib tug ntau nrig txog kev pom cov sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov pov tseg peb faib mus rau hauv ob peb pawg raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv muaj paug txog.

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi nkim "zoo", thiab yog dab tsi - qhov "phem"?

"Teeb" pov tseg

1. Ntawv. Cov no muaj xws qub ntawv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv, leaflets, stickers, daim ntawv thiab cov duab los qhia tsho, glossy cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab txhua tsav txhua yam. Ua thiab recycling ntawm pov tseg ntawv tus cwj pwm yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau yooj yim - lub feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov thiaj li hu ua khib nyiab daim ntawv thiab tom qab hloov dua siab tshiab rov qab mus rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab cov duab los qhia thawv. Thiab txawm dumped nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab tsis nco qab lawm daim ntawv pov tseg yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm (nrog rau kev hwm rau ib co lwm hom) mus ua txhaum li tsis tau ua ntau raug mob xwm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub av thiab dej xim nrog luam nplooj ntawv. Cov feem ntau nyuaj rau lub ntuj decomposition ntawm ib tug glossy ntawv, tiam sis feem ntau yooj yim - cov nqaij nyoos thiab friable.
2. Khoom noj khoom haus. Tag nrho cov organic pov tseg kitchens, khw, chaw ntiav pw, private teb, ua liaj ua teb Holdings thiab khoom noj khoom haus factories - tag nrho cov uas tau raug "starved" tib neeg. Khoom noj khoom haus pov tseg kuj decompose sai sai, txawm tias koj xav txog hais tias tshaj yav dhau los xyoo caum nyob rau hauv noj thiab tsawg tsawg tej yam ntuj tso khoom xyaw thiab ntau Science News for KIDS. Cia li nws thiab harms xwm - piv txwv li, tshuaj tua kab mob uas feem ntau siv rau loj hlob nyuj, tshuaj uas ua rau kom lub txee lub neej thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov zaub mov. Nws occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm GMO thiab preservatives. GMO, txhob kaw hloov cov khoom noj, yog qhov kev kawm ntawm rhuab sib cav tswv yim lawv tw thiab los ntawm UFW. Preservatives kuj interlocks lub ntuj decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem - nyob rau hauv loj tus xov tooj, lawv tig nws tawm los ntawm lub ntuj lub voj voog ntawm decomposition thiab creation.
3. Iav. Khob thiab nws cov ntau tog yog tej zaum cov feem ntau ancient zoo ntawm "txiv neej-ua pov tseg." Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lawv yog inert thiab tsis tso rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, tsis lom cov huab cua thiab dej. Txawm li cas los, rau ib tug txaus loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov iav txav ntuj yeej - lub zej zog uas muaj sia nyob. Piv txwv li, tej tsiaj txhu uas yog raug mob thiab tuag tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv mechanisms lug tawg khiav ri niab ntse daim - thiab qhov no yog tsis hais qhov yooj yim rau cov neeg lawv tus kheej. Term expansion ntawm lub khob yog hais txog ib txhiab xyoo. Peb nyob deb xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav muaj yuav tsum yeej xwb nyob deb galaxies, thiab fwj pov tseg rau hauv thoob khib nyiab pov tseg niaj hnub no, tseem yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Khob pov tseg pov tseg tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm paramount tseem ceeb, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tus xov tooj yog multiplied nrog txhua xyoos tas ib xyoos.

Khib "nruab nrab heev"

1. Yas. Tus nqi ntawm cov yas pov tseg yog tam sim no cia li amazing - ib tug yooj yim enumeration ntawm nws cov hom yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ob peb ntawm cov nplooj ntawv. Nws yuav tsis yog ib qho exaggeration hais tias niaj hnub no cov yas ua yuav luag txhua yam - ntim thiab khoom vaj khoom tsev, lam hwj, khaub ncaws, khoom siv thiab cov tsheb, cov tais diav thiab yachts. Decomposes cov yas iav yog ob zaug li sai - tsuas yog 500 xyoo. Tab sis tsis zoo li nws, nws yuav luag ib txwm tso rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tej yam tshuaj lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov thaj chaw ntawm yas ua rau nws "zoo meej killer." Ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv twb tag nrho "kob" ntawm currents coj fwj, hlab, cov hnab thiab lwm yam "profile" ntawm cov khib nyiab. Lawv puas lab ntawm marine kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov hiav txwv noog yuav tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm yas daim zaub mov, thiab lawm tuag los ntawm clogging lub cev. Khib yas noj yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tej teeb meem niaj hnub no.
2. Metallurgical pov tseg, seb puas uas siv roj av, ib co tshuaj pov tseg, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsheb pov tseg (xws li qub log tsheb). Tag nrho cov no pollutes cov ib puag ncig heev xav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias koj xav txog tej yam lub scale), tab sis kuj sai lwj - rau 30-50 xyoo.

Qhov tseem "hnyav" pov tseg

1. Nkim muaj mercury. Tawg thermometers thiab teeb, ib co lwm yam pab kiag li lawm. Peb nco ntsoov hais tias cov tawg mercury tus pas ntsuas kub los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm nro ntxa teeb meem no - cov me nyuam tam sim ntawd ntiab tawm ntawm lub "qias neeg" qhov chaw, thaum tus neeg laus heev ua tib zoo sau "rumblings" nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm cov kua hlau npas. Cov huab toxicity ntawm mercury yog Attendance txaus ntshai rau cov txiv neej thiab rau cov av - txhua txhua xyoo kaum ntawm tons ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muab pov tseg, yuav ua tau rau kom muaj teeb kev puas tsuaj mus rau qhov. Uas yog vim li cas lub mercury muab mus rau tus thawj (siab tshaj plaws) cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus ntshai - ncaav yam khoom tshwj xeeb rau lub txais tos ntawm pov tseg uas muaj mercury thiab ntim nrog cov yam tshuaj yog muab tso rau hauv kaw ntim, sau tias thiab muab mus txog rau thaum zoo lub sij hawm, thaum lawv yuav tsum tau xyuam xim pov tseg ntawm - rau lub caij ub ntawm mercury yog heev inefficient.
2. Roj teeb. Roj teeb, tsev neeg, muaj thiab tsheb roj teeb muaj tsis tau tsuas yog cov hlau lead, tab sis lub sulfuric acid, raws li zoo raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam tej yam tshuaj lom, muaj mob loj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig. Ib tug zoo tib yam roj teeb, uas koj tau txais los ntawm lub TV tej thaj chaw deb thiab ces muab pov tseg rau hauv txoj kev, tshuaj lom dozens ntawm square meters ntawm cov av. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, muaj ntau yam loj lub zos muaj nyob mobile sau cov ntsiab lus rau siv tsev neeg cov roj teeb thiab accumulators, uas qhia rau hauv lub siab uas muaj feem yuav nyiag ua los ntawm xws li pov tseg.
3. Tej pov tseg. Feem ntau cov kev piam sij pov tseg - txoj kev tuag thiab kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv nws cov purest daim ntawv. Tej pov tseg nyob rau hauv txaus concentration rhuav tshem tag nrho yam uas muaj sia, txawm tias tsis sib chwv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj ib tug yuav muab pov tseg siv roj rods nyob rau hauv ib tug landfill - qhov kev tso kawm thiab pov tseg ntawm pov tseg los ntawm lub "hnyav hlau" yog ib tug heev loj txheej txheem. Rau cov uas tsis-theem thiab theem nrab twj (muaj kuj luv luv ib nrab-lub neej), ntau yam ntim rau hauv uas lub rav cua tsheb ntsiab yog lawm ua tus sau nrog xis mas mortar los yog bitumen. Tom qab tag sij hawm ntawm ib nrab-lub neej, xws pov tseg yuav tsum muab pov tseg li zoo tib yam cov thoob khib nyiab. High-theem pov tseg yog ua rau theem nrab siv complex thiab kim technologies. Tag nrho ntawm high-qib pov tseg ua "qias neeg hlau", nyob rau tam sim no theem ntawm kev siv technology tshiab txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, thiab lawv muab tso nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ntim, khaws cia rau ib ntev heev lub sij hawm - piv txwv li, uranium-234 ib nrab-lub neej ntawm kwv yees li ib puas txhiab xyoo!

Cwj pwm rau qhov teeb meem ntawm pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem pov tseg yog ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb heev thiab muaj teeb meem. Tib yam sib txawv yog tus cwj pwm mus rau nws tej tseem fwv hauv lub teb chaws sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam Western lub teb chaws, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev thiab recycling ntawm pov tseg yog ib yam uas tseem ceeb heev tseem ceeb - lub sib cais ntawm tsev neeg pov tseg raws li los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ua, pua pua ntawm factories rau ub, tshwj xeeb qhov chaw tiv thaiv kom pov tseg ntawm no mas txaus ntshai thiab tej yam tshuaj lom. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, ib txoj cai ntawm "uas tsis yog-pov tseg kev khwv nyiaj txiag" nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws - ib tug system nyob rau hauv uas lub rov qab siv lub ntawm pov tseg yuav ua ncaj rau 100%. Qhov tseem nyob deb raws txoj kev no peb tau Denmark, Nyiv, Sweden, Scotland thiab lub Netherlands.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb lub teb chaws cov nyiaj txiag thiab lub koom haum pab rau kev systematic ua thiab recycling ntawm pov tseg muaj. Qhov no los tau nyob rau hauv loj loj landfills qhov twg kiag pov tseg nyob rau hauv tus ntawm los nag, lub hnub thiab cua emit heev tshuaj lom pa taws, lom tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm kaum tawm kis lus mev. Nyob rau hauv Brazil, Mexico, Is Nrias teb, African lub teb chaws, pua pua ntawm hectares ntawm tej pov tseg koos multi-million metropolis, uas txhua txhua hnub ntxiv lawv "reserves" tshiab thiab tshiab pov tseg.

Tag nrho cov kev uas tau tshem ntawm thoob khib nyiab

1. Khaws khib nyiab nyob rau hauv landfills. Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, khib nyiab yog muab tshem tawm cia li tawm ntawm lub xub ntiag, nws yog pov tawm lub qhov rooj. Ib txhia landfills yog ib ntus cia ua ntej ua rau ib tug khib nyiab tsob nroj, thiab ib co, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb lub teb chaws xwb loj hlob nyob rau hauv loj.
2. Landfilling ntawm sorted pov tseg. Tej khib nyiab yog ntau npaum li cas "civilized". Nws ua yog npaum li cas pheej yig dua thiab ntau npaum li cas zoo. Yuav luag tag nrho cov Western European lub teb chaws tau tsiv mus rau ib tug system ntawm cais pov tseg, thiab rau ntuav deb lub "multi" pob nrog tsev neeg pov tseg muab heev nplua loj heev.
3. Incinerators. Nyob rau hauv xws nroj tsuag no puas siv pov tseg thaum tshav kub kub. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm pov tseg thiab nyiaj txiag muaj peev xwm, siv ntau yam technologies.
4. Incineration nrog lub zog rov qab khib nyiab. Tam sim no ntau thiab ntau refineries yog switching rau technology rau zus tau tej cov zog los ntawm pov tseg - piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Sweden "thoob khib nyiab zog" muab 20% ntawm lub teb chaws cov kev xav tau. Lub ntiaj teb no yog pib to taub hais tias lub pov tseg - nws yog nyiaj.
5. Ua. Ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub pov tseg yuav raug nchuav dua thiab reused. Nws yog lub siab tshaj plaws raws li ntawm disposability yog tam sim no tab tom nrhiav tus tsim lub teb chaws. Cov feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv recycling yog ntawv, ntoo thiab cov zaub mov pov tseg.
6. Preservation thiab cia. Qhov no yog siv rau feem ntau tej thiab lom pov tseg - mercury, tej cia.

Qhov teeb meem no nrog cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg thiab recycling nyob rau hauv Russia

Russia nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog nyob deb tom qab tsim lub teb chaws. Complicating zoo tshaj yuav yog lub loj cheeb tsam, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm obsolete Enterprises, lub xeev ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab kev khwv nyiaj txiag, thiab yog dab tsi yuav tsum tau lees txim, lub domestic mentality uas zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog cov nrov qhia txog lub thaj tsev thiab cov huab kam ntawm cov neeg zej zog paub txog qhov teeb meem.

Nyob rau leej twg yuav tsum tau

Sweden mus txog rau ib theem ntawm recycling thiab pov tseg tswj hais tias nws yog tsis txaus! Swedes txawm pab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no Norwegians, rau ib nqe sorting tawm lawv tsev neeg thiab muaj twj.

Cov Japanese kuj ras los ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob ze - nyob rau hauv Nyiv 98% ntawm cov hlau siv rau lub thib ob. Ntxiv mus, tsis ntev los no, Japanese zaum sab kab mob uas noj yas! Raws li ceev faj kwv, cov micro-kab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav los ua lub ntsiab txoj kev recycling polyethylene.