Janos Kadar. Biography Hungarian nom tswv thawj coj

Janos Kadar (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1912-1989) - daim duab yog tsis meej xwm. Lavxias teb sab siv phau ntawv nws yog hu ua ib tug zoo statesman thiab politician, yog nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm Hungary mus txog economic txoj kev vam meej. Lwm yam ntaub ntawv cov khoom muaj npe nws raws li ib tug Stalinist, uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub bayonets ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog, lub protégé ntawm lub Kremlin thiab cov organizer ntawm cov tiav Imre Nadya, lub deposed prime minister. Yog li ntawd leej twg yeej yog Kadar, muab qhov kev txiav txim "Hero ntawm Soviet Union"? Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim kom to taub nws nyuab biography.

thaum yau

Janos Kadar yug Tej zaum 26, 1912. Nws yog tus tsaub tub ntawm ib tug nkauj qhev Barboly Chemranek los ntawm tub rog Janos Krezingera. Txij li thaum nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Austro-Hungarian Empire, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Fiume (niaj hnub no Rijeka nyob rau hauv Croatia), lub npe sau cia nws nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Dzhovanni Dzhuzeppe Chemranek. Thaum tus tub yog rau xyoo, nws niam tau tsiv mus rau Budapest. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv nws pom extraordinary muaj peev xwm. Raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus menyuam kawm ntawv nws raug xa mus free kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub siab lub nroog tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los, cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg yog ib qho nyuaj. Janos Chemranek kaum plaub txawb kev kawm ntawv thiab ntiav tub ua zog nyob rau hauv lub printing xovxwm. Raws li no tej zaum sound coj txawv txawv, tab sis cov Communist tog coj nws ... chess. Hluas Janos yog heev fond ntawm qhov kev ua si. Muaj ib hnub nws tshwm sim los yeej ib chess kev sib tw. Raws li ib tug nqi zog, nws tau muab cov phau ntawv ntawm Engels 'Anti-Duhring'. Qhov no ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Chemraneka kiag muab nws lub siab.

Kev sib txuas lus nrog Marxism

Nyob rau hauv chess kev sib tw Janos Kadar yeej nyob rau hauv 1928, thaum nws tsuas yog kaum rau xyoo. Nws yog brewing ib tug loj thiab loj-scale teebmeem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tus thawj kom zoo rau lub deterioration ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ua hauj thiab nyob qauv. Hluas kws kho tsheb printing xovxwm pab mus npaj ib tug txawj rally thiab strike. Tus tsoom fwv brutally suppressed no ua qauv qhia ntawm cov neeg ua hauj, thiab ntau comrades Chemraneka tau raug ntes. Nyob rau hauv 1930, lub luam ntawv lub tsev kaw vim lub ntsoog. Txij li thaum poob hauj lwm Chemranek, permeated txawm ntau antagonistic mus rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm exploiters, tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kis thaum lub Communist tog ntawm Hungary. Nyob rau hauv 1931 nws tuaj koom lub Komsomol ntawm tes rau lawv. Sverdlov thiab coj lub underground npe menyuam yaus Barna (Brown). Twb tau nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1933 nws los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Committee ntawm cov hluas tis ntawm cov Communist Party nyob rau hauv Budapest. Lub Soviet Union, uas yog generously nyiaj los ntawm lub koom haum, tau caw nws tuaj kawm nyob rau University of Moscow, tab sis tus hluas Komsomol tsis kam.

Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II

Janos Kadar, uas nws biography yog los ntawm tam sim no zoo intertwined nrog nom ua tswv, zoo li muaj tseeb Stalinist muaj tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv lub Soviet Union nrog Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws twb hloov lub Communist tog, pub ntxiv tshaj nyob rau hauv 1935 nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm Social Democrats. Muaj nws kuj tau nws cov hauj lwm thiab coj lub cell SDPH. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus tag nrho tsov ua rog yog ib tug formal tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Czechoslovak "tsis kam", tab sis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev ua si twb tsis koom. Ntau xyoo tom qab nplog liab dag disseminated ntaub ntawv, hais tias nws tau tsim ib tug antifascist Hungarian Pem hauv ntej, tab sis tsis muaj kev ua si ntawm lub koom haum tsis muaj tsau. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov forties nws hloov, thiab cov Social Democrats, dua sau nyob rau hauv lub Kab Tsuag Committee ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Hungary. Ib zaug ntxiv, ib tug resounding hauj lwm coj tawm: nyob rau hauv 1942 nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Central Committee, thiab nyob rau hauv 1943 - Secretary ntawm lub CPV Central Committee.

Career nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union

Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1944 Yanosh Kadar, twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv Serbia rau desertion. Nws muaj kev tswj kev khiav. Khiav, nws coj lwm lub npe - Kadar (Cooper), uas tam sim no los ua nws lub npe. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1964 lub ces Soviet coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim muab tso rau ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg "zoo heev fighter tiv thaiv kev siab phem", nws twb muab tsub lub title ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab muab tsub lub feem ntau zoo heev thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov puav pheej - lub Order ntawm Lenin thiab puav pheej "Kub Star". Thaum Hungary twb dim los ntawm kev siab phem, Kadar, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb NKVD neeg sawv cev, tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Transitional National Assembly thiab ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Political Bureau ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub Communist Party (CPSU). Txij thaum ntawd los, nws cov hauj lwm sai heev mus li. Nyob rau hauv 1946 nws tau los ua Deputy General Secretary ntawm lub CPSU. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, los ntawm 1945 mus 1948, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li secretary ntawm lub nroog pawg neeg ntawm lub peev. Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1948, nws tau raug tsa Minister ntawm Internal Affairs. Nyob rau hauv no luag hauj lwm, nws pib lub ntes ntawm Laszlo Rajko, accusing nws ntawm anti-Soviet kev ua ub no. Ua ib tug neeg challenger Mathias Stalinist Rakosi, Kadar raug tshem tawm los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm thiab nws los ua ib tug neeg raug txim ntawm lub concentration camp. Yuav kom txoj kev ywj pheej, nws twb tso tawm xwb nyob rau hauv 1956.

Janos Kadar: politician socialist tsoom fwv

Thaum nyob rau hauv Hungary brewing discontent nrog lub Soviet qauv ntawm kav. tug tswv cuab ntawm tsoom fwv Imre Nadya nquag txhawb kev koom tes nrog cov lag luam tawm cov tsev koom nyiaj, qhov kev tso tawm ntawm nom tswv neeg raug kaw, cov abolition ntawm censorship. Janos Kadar thaum xub thawj siab txhawb cov nom tswv cov hoob kawm, thiab txawm hais tias nws yuav nres nws lub cev thawj Lavxias teb sab tank uas crosses tus ciaj ciam ntawm Hungary. Yog li, nws sai sai ua ib txoj hauj lwm, thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj 30, 1956 nws raug tsa Minister nyob rau hauv lub txee, taws los ntawm Nadia. Tiam sis ua ntej ntawm lub kaum ib hlis Kadar escapes ntawm Hungary nyob rau hauv Uzhgorod raws li nrog Nikitoy Hruschevym, uas muab nws ib tug meej hais txog ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov tsoom fwv, tswj los ntawm cov Soviet Union. Ib lub lim piam tom qab ntawd, tus tshiab uas kav lub Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam rov qab mus rau Budapest.

Lub era ntawm "goulash communism"

Kaum ib hlis 8, 1956 Kadar tshaj tawm lub usurpation ntawm lub hwj chim. Nagy thiab nws tus khub nrhiav qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Yugoslavia Embassy. Kadar cog lus nws tus qub lug txhawb cov miv ib tug tag nrho cov kev zam txim. Tab sis thaum Nadia sab laug lub embassy, nws twb puas tau raug ntes thiab tua ob xyoo tom qab. Txawm li cas los, Janos Kadar, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog tseem Revered los ntawm cov laus tiam ntawm Hungarians, yog ib tug neeg txawj politician. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm lub Prague Caij nplooj ntoos hlav , nws muaj peev xwm mus nyem tawm ntawm nws kuj zoo kawg khub, lub Soviet Union, lub siab tshaj plaws kev pab rau lub teb chaws. Pheej Yig Soviet roj thiab liberalization ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag, Hungary yog qhib rau tourists los ntawm lub capitalist bloc tau ua lub teb chaws ntau dua los yog tsawg vam meej. Lub era ntawm "goulash communism" twb txawm ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union. Twb tau nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1988, Kadar twb muab tshem tawm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab, lub thib rau ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj, tuag.