Hemolysis - dab tsi yog qhov no? Hemolysis ntawm cov ntshav, ib nrab hemolysis

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav liab cell daim nyias nyias thiab feem ntawm hemoglobin rau hauv cov ntshav yog hu ua hemolysis. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj haemolysin (hemolysin). Tawv ntawm cov ntshav liab tej zaum yuav pib tsis vim toxins los yog bakerialnyh ua tshuaj. Tam sim no, cov kws kho mob tau pom ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau yam ntawm txoj kev no. Lawv cov dej num nyob ntawm seb tus qauv ntawm kev kawm ntawv, los ntawm tus taw tes uas nws kis tau los ntawm ua uas yuav ua rau nws.

Paub txog hais tias hemolysis - kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav liab, nyob rau hauv uas cov qe ntshav liab yog tso tawm los ntawm lawv, muaj ntau yam tsis to taub, uas yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim.

Yam uas ua rau cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov erythrocyte week

Yuav kom nrog tus txheej txheem, nws yog tsim nyog los nrhiav tau tawm, uas yog vim li cas txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav liab yuav pib. Nyob ntawm seb qhov tshwm sim mechanism, lub nram qab no ntawm hemolysis.

1. Ntuj. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws pib nyob rau tom kawg ntawm lub niaj zaus lub neej voj voog ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov ntshav liab, uas nyob txog 100-130 hnub.

2. Tshuaj. Nws tshwm sim thaum uas cov ntshav liab yuav tsum tau raug mus tshuaj uas yuav yaj membrane lipids. Cov no muaj xws rau ntau yam alkali, alcohols, ethers, chloroform. Piv txwv li, hemolysis yog cov lus hais tias ib tug neeg yog tshuaj lom loj koob tshuaj acetic acid.

3. Biology. erythrocytes sheath pib thuam vim raug hemolytic tshuaj lom, e.g., raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tom los yog nab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lom hemolysis tshwm sim vim cov ntshav ntawm incompatible ntshav.

4. Kub. Thaum khov ntshav erythrocyte ice muaju yog tsim. Tom qab nws yaj lawv ua txhaum lub plhaub.

5. Neeg kho tshuab. Thaum tuav ib txog ntsha nrog cov ntshav los yog nrog nws siv apparatus uas artificially txhawb kev, puas erythrocytes.

6. Cov osmotic. Yog hais tias cov liab corpuscles poob on Wednesday, qhov twg lub osmotic siab yuav qis tshaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, lawv tej zaum yuav tawg. Nws yog lawv tej khoom siv rau qhov mob ntawm anemia los yog daim siab mob.

Ua rau hemolysis

Yuav kom to taub li cas thiab thaum twg los txog rau cov ntshav liab, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub sij hawm xws li hemolysis. Qhov no kev puas tsuaj plhaub ntshav yuav tshwm sim intracellularly los yog hlab ntsha. Feem ntau cov hom hemolysis tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Tab sis kuj cov erythrocyte membrane raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom cua txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv laboratory kev tshawb fawb.

Thaum nws los txog rau intravascular hemolysis, lub plhaub liab corpuscles nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no puas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav ncig. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov kab mob:

- hemolytic anemia xws li autoimmune;

- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria;

- paroxysmal txias agglutinins kab mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd vntutrisosudisty hemolysis tej zaum yuav qhia lom hemolytic tshuaj lom.

Cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm erythrocytes tshwm sim nyob rau hlwb nyob rau hauv lub siab, tus po los yog hloov hlwb pob txha. Nws yog cai nyob rau hauv xws noj qab haus huv tej teeb meem raws li microspherocytosis raws roj ntsha, autoimmune anemia thiab thalassemia. Paub txog cov ua uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav liab cell week, nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias hemolysis - nws yog txaus ntshai. Incidentally, cov intracellular dab yog feem ntau nrog o ntawm tus po thiab siab loj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm hemolysis

Yog hais tias tib neeg lub cev pib mus ua txhaum down dhau heev lawm ntawm cov ntshav liab, ces pom lawv tsuas yog thaum lub mob chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob no. Feem ntau cov tsos mob ntawm uncontrolled kev puas tsuaj ntawm erythrocytes yog cov: yellowness integuments los yog pallor, txo siab, sai mem tes. Cov cim kuj muaj xws li nkig rau tes thiab cov plaub hau.

Tab sis muaj ntau yam ua tsis tau txawm ntau heev unaware hais tias lawv muaj lub hemolysis ntawm cov ntshav. Yuav ua li cas yog nws lawv muaj peev xwm kawm heev los ntawm kev huam yuaj, ib tug kev kho mob ntsuam xyuas. Tiam sis nrog lub mob kawg feem ntau muaj xeev siab, kiv taub hau, qaug zog, tsis muaj zog thiab txawm ua npaws.

Hemolysis yuav ua rau anemia, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog txaus ntshai vim hais tias nws yuav ua rau cov ntshav txhaws los yog ua rau cholelithiasis.

Puas muaj yog vim li cas rau panic?

Muaj mob qhov twg cov neeg mob yog yuam kom rov kuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb vim hais tias hemolysis tshwm sim. Muaj ntau yog pib mus saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm yus cov kab mob, tshuaj lom txhab los yog tsuas yog raug tshuaj lom. Tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas kev txhawj xeeb, vim hais tias cov erythrocyte membrane yuav raug rhuav tshem vim cov neeg kho tshuab yam. Piv txwv li, feem ntau cov ntshav yuav tsum puas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntshav nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev kuaj tube, yog tias ib yam nkaus thiab nyias rab koob los yog tus neeg tu mob sai sai pushes ntshav. Erythrocytes yeej tiv thaiv lub raj phab ntsa thiab tawg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov ntshav yuav liab, thiab cais nyob rau hauv ib tug centrifuge yuav tsis yooj yim sua.

Nyob rau hauv xws li mob peb hais tias muaj yog ib tug ib nrab hemolysis. Nws tsis yog ib tug kab mob, tiam sis ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev ntshav zauv nws cia, thauj los yog kov. Rau ib txhim khu kev qha tsom xam yuav tsum tau ib tug txawv feem ntawm cov ntshav. Tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua ntej rov qab ua dua ib qho tshuaj ntsuam qhia rau haus cov dej huv.

mob hemolysis

Tab sis, yog hais tias qhov ua rau ntawm lub disintegration ntawm cov ntshav liab - tsis neeg tu mob kev ua yuam kev, peb yuav sib tham hais txog ib tug teeb meem loj. Feem ntau cov feem ntau mob hemolysis tshwm sim los ntawm ntshav thaum muaj incompatible liab hlwb. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qhov no ua rau yus qhib rua ntawm lub complement system, coagulation thiab humoral tiv thaiv.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus taw qhia, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hemolysis - qhov no yog ib tug teeb meem loj, uas muab ib tug ntshiab soj ntsuam daim duab. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob yog meej pem, nws yuav tsis txaus siab ntawm lub hauv siab mob, rov qab mob, mob plab, ntxhov siab, zoo nkaus li ntawm kub taub hau, tachycardia. Siab yuav tsum tau muab txo kom tsawg. Yog hais tias hemolysis pib thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj loog, cov cim yuav los ntshav wounds, thiab yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug urinary catheter - yuav muaj zis tsaus liab los yog txawm dub.

laboratory kev tshawb fawb

kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tshwm sim kom paub meej tias qhov mob. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob hemolysis, ces cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj ntshav yuav qhia thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinemia, bilirubinemia, txo lub peev xwm ntawm lub anticoagulant thiab fibrinolytic. Nyob rau hauv cov zis, cov neeg mob yuav muaj xws li txhawb theem ntawm creatine yuav tshwm sim hemoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, tsis nqi ntawm cov zis kom txog rau thaum nws tiav qhaj ntawv.

Thaum paub hais tias tus tsi kuaj xyuas cov ntshav hlwb puas lawm, tsim nyog kho mob yuav tsum tau muab.

kev kho mob

Tsis txhob hemolysis niaj hnub tshuaj heev ib tug quab yuam. Yog hais tias nws yog tshwm sim los ntshav, tus kho ntsuas yuav tsum tau tswj lub cessation ntawm hostilities Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm cov ntshav liab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb heev rau pib cov ntshav ntawm tshwj xeeb kev daws teeb meem uas yuav tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm hypovolemia, raum hypoperfusion. Tsis tas li ntawd plasmapheresis nws nqa tawm uas homphiaj ntawm qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm circulating free hemoglobin nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov txhaj neeg sawv cev "heparin" intravenously ntawm infusomats. Nws yuav pab kom tiv nrog mob hemolysis thiab tshuaj "Prednisolone". Tag nrho cov teem caij li ua raws li nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob tus mob, nws yog tseem ceeb kom paub yuav ua li cas ntev dhau los nws pib hemolysis. Qhov no yuav pab cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab rau kev kho mob tactics, vim hais tias tej zaum nws yog tsim nyog los tuav ib tug thaum muaj xwm ceev hemodialysis. Piv txwv li, nws yog tsim nyog, yog hais tias nws twb pom tias tus neeg mob tus mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm.

Tshuaj raws li ib tug ua hemolysis

Thaum qhov kev siv ntawm tej yam tshuaj erythrocytes kuj raug rhuav tshem. Los ntawm txoj kev yuav ua tau rau hemolysis ntawm cov ntshav, xws li ob peb pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj.

1. Analgesics: "Amidopyrine", "Tshuaj aspirin", "Antipyrin".
2. Diuretics: "Fonurit", "Diakarb".
3. Nitrofurans "furadonin", "Furazolin".
4. Sulfonamides "Sulfalen", "salazosulfapiridina", "salazopiridazina", "Sulfapiridazin".
5. Hypoglycemic tshuaj, "Tolbutamide", "Hlorpropamid".
6. Anti-TB tshuaj, "Isoniazid", "PAS".
7. Antimalarial tshuaj, "quinine", "Akrikhin", "Primaquine."

Thaum uas siv cov tshuaj mas siv tau cai hemolysis. Qhov no tsis qhia tej yam teeb meem, nws tshwm li ib lo lus teb rau cov kev kho mob.