Feem ntau system - lub yeej ntawm feem ntau

Niaj hnub nimno kev cai txoj cai muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov pej xeem, yuav ua li cas kom lawv siv lawv txoj cai kom taw cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Cov nyhuv no tau raug hu ua tus neeg xaiv nom txheej txheem, qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov hom ntawm lub: ib feem ntau, proportional los yog mixed.

Feem ntau system hnub no - yog lub feem ntau nyiam qauv rau kev xaiv tsa neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoom fwv, uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws. Thaum nws puag yog tsim tus neeg sawv cev lub cev nyob rau hauv Canada, Teb Chaws Asmeskas, Australia, Japan thiab ntau lwm lub teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas yog lub attractiveness thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm no hom?

Majoritarian kev xaiv tsa system - essence thiab typology.

Feem ntau ntawm cov votes - hais tias qhov no txoj cai yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub hauj lwm ntawm lub electoral system. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub majoritarian kev xaiv tsa system qhia hais tias muaj yuav tsum raug muab los ntawm cov kevcai tswj los yog cov kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv kev xaiv tsa tus xov tooj ntawm votes rau ib qho tus neeg sib tw uas tus nomination yuav tau txais los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov xaiv tsa.

Pav lub xov tooj ntawm votes yog tsis lo. Nyob rau nws, muaj peb hom no hom ntawm kev xaiv tsa:

• meej feem coob - raws li nws tus neeg sib tw rau tus ncej yuav tsum tswv raug xaiv yog tias thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas nyob rau hauv nws haum yuav muab lub suab ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem muaj txoj cai xaiv, ntxiv rau ib tug neeg;
• txheeb ze feem ntau - xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv no cov tswvyim implies lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug yooj yim feem ntau ntawm votes tshaj rau lwm tus neeg sib tw;
• tsim nyog feem ntau - lub teb chaws no txoj cai kom meej meej fixes rau lub chaw pib, qhov kev kawm ntawm uas yog txaus los yeej nyob rau hauv kev xaiv tsa.

Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias yog tsis muaj zoo meej embodiment ntawm ib tug variant ntawm txoj cai ntawm cov coob lub xeev. Feem ntau, lub hom yog reacted nyob rau ntau lub theem los yog nyob rau qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm txawv muaj ntau seem. Majoritarian system tso cai tej yam ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tawm los mus rau lub siab dua cov tub ceev xwm. Ib tug piv txwv ntawm "hlau" ntawm tus thawj thiab thib ob hom yog raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Fabkis. Tus thawj round yog suav hais tias yog tsuas tsim nyog yog hais tias ib tug neeg sib tw gains ib tug meej tooj ntawm votes. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, ces tus thib ob puag ncig yuav tsum tau muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg sib tw, noj thawj thiab thib ob qhov chaw, raws li cov txheeb ze feem ntau system.

Feem ntau system - ib tug tsis meej xwm ntxim rau cov efficiency. Qhov zoo yuav tau yam xyuam xim ntaus nqi mus rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug ruaj khov lub xeev ntawm ob - peb tog system. Tab sis qhov muaj zog drawback tej zaum yuav raug nqi ntau lub tswv yim hais tias ib feem ntawm lub pej xeem hais tias pom zoo nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm sab nraud.

Majoritarian thiab proportional electoral tshuab - lub taw tes rau ntawm divergence.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug feem ntau system, sib tham saum toj no. Kuj proportional kev xaiv tsa system yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub thawj, nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm tsis yog ib tug kev sib tw thiab cov neeg sab nrauv. Feem ntau cov kev cai lij choj kws tshawb fawb thiab kev nom kev tswv zaum yuav xav tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub proportional electoral system ntau siab qhia tawm electoral daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub xeev. Tseem ceeb contradiction nrog rau feem ntau system yog txhij txhua pov ntawv tawm suab suav thiab kev txiav txim ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov qhia tawm rau ntawm sawv cev nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv.

Feem ntau system twb tsis muaj t. N. "Cov kev xaiv tsa chaw pib." Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws, proportional nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob tseem hais nws tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov nqe vaj lug kub nyob rau hauv lub xaiv lub cev ntawm ob tog thiab ywj siab sib tw, uas nws hnyav nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv lub neej yog heev tsawg.

Dua li ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov dab, majoritarian thiab proportional electoral tshuab feem ntau ua hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv ib yam ntawm cov subtype - ib tug tov electoral system. Qhov no symbiosis yog ua ntau txaus nyiam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas nws lub teb chaws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm compact chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, feem ntau yog hais raws li ib tug txheej ntawm kev xaiv tsa txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg sib tw yuav tsum yeej kev pab los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov electorate. Qhov no system yog zoo meej rau cov kev xaiv tsa ib leeg sawv cev rau pej xeem cov tub ceev xwm (piv txwv li, cov thawj coj ntawm Fabkis, los yog cov senators nyob rau hauv lub US), tab sis muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb drawbacks rau qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm collective lub cev (Parliament los yog local council).