Dab tsi yog qhov feem pua ntawm tooj? Nws cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov

Bronze yog ib qho kev ua txij ua nkawm ntawm ob co hlau. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau spheres ntawm tib neeg lub neej: los ntawm automotive mus rau sab hauv tsim.

Dab tsi yog bronze?

Nws yog tooj liab, fused nrog tin. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas, manganese, beryllium thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus siv tau es tsis txhob siv rau tom kawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub nyob tus yeees muaj ntau impurities me me.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm lub hauv paus tooj, tooj dag tsim, rau kev zinc siv.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm muaj hom ntawm no alloy, uas muaj sib txawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Bronze ntawm ntau hom yuav txawv. Ntau hom npe siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj.

Qhov xim ntawm no hlau yog nyob ntawm seb feem pua ntawm tooj liab thiab tin, uas nws muaj. Nrog ib tug thawj nyob hauv tus naj npawb ntawm thawj zaug thiab nce qib thib ob, cov xim poob liab thiab acquires ib gring tinge.

Thaum twg lub bronze thawj tshwm sim?

Qhov kev txhuam no yog paub los ntawm lub sijhawm qub heev. Nws pib raug tsim tawm thiab siv ntau dhau ib nyuag hlau. Tsuas tooj liab thiab tin yog ib feem ntawm nws. Lub bronze ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd tsis muaj impurities. Nws tau ua ntej txog tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los, uas yog, xyoo 3000 BC. E. Lub sijhawm thaum siv cov hlau no yog hu ua "lub hnub nyoog bronze". Nws tau kub siab mus txog thaum kuv xyoo txhiab xyoo BC. E., Ntawd yog, kom txog thaum lub sij hawm thaum tib neeg kawm tau cov hlau tawm.

Bronze yog dav siv los tsim txhua yam khoom, nrog rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, figurines, riam phom thiab cov tais diav.

Bronze. Sau ntawv thiab daim ntawv thov

Ntawm no cov khoom uas muaj txhuas txhuas txhuas ua yog: cov pas nrig, qhov cuab lub zog, cov ntawv txheeb, thiab txhua yam ntawm lwm yam khoom, xws li mesh, bearings, cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, bronze yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab architecture kom monuments, décor ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txhuam no pom nws cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov kav dej - nws yog ua los ntawm kav dej.

Lub ntsiab pab pawg neeg yog tooj bronzes. Los ntawm lub npe nws yog tseeb tias tin yog ib qho ntawm cov co hlau uas tsim ua qhov kev txuam nrog. Bronze ntawm no yog muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho rau kev ua haujlwm uas siv kev tawm siab, thiab kuj yog ib lub hnab.

Lub siab yuav tsum tau kho yog Br. OTS 4-4-2,5. Nws muaj cov tin hauv qhov ntau ntawm peb mus rau tsib feem pua, lead (1.5 rau 3.5 feem pua), zinc (peb mus rau tsib feem pua), thiab me ntsis hlau (0.05 feem pua). Tus so yog tooj.

Tib pab pawg suav nrog tooj liab, muaj pes tsawg leeg Uas muaj xws li ntawm 6 rau xya feem pua ntawm tin, 0.1-0.25 feem pua ntawm phosphorus, thiab 0.02 feem pua ntawm cov hlau thiab tib cov hmoov lead. Qhov no Br. PF 6.5-0.15.

Cov pab pawg tom ntej no yog tsim tooj. Additives nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws nyob tus yeees. Bronze ntawm no hom yog feem ntau siv rau zus tau tej cov kos duab khoom, fittings thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Br. OCS6-6-3 muaj tsib rau xya feem pua tin, 5.5-6.8 feem pua zinc thiab tooj.

Cov lus ntawm Br. OTSSN3-7-5-1 nrog rau 2.5-4.5 feem pua ntawm tin, 6.5-7.5 feem pua ntawm zinc, thiab 4.6-5.4 feem pua ntawm cov hmoov txhuas thiab 0.8-1.2 feem pua ntawm xee npe.

Feem ntau hauv peb lub sijhawm, tin tau hloov los ntawm lwm yam hlau, vim nws pheej yig dua. Xws li cov phoojywg ua lwm pab pawg.

Bronze, uas tsis muaj tin, yog feem ntau tsis zoo nyob rau hauv zoo. Xws li hom nws siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab lwm yam lag luam.

Aluminium bronze

Cov hlau no feem ntau ua raws li kev hloov rau tin. Nws cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub alloy yuav ua tau li 10 feem pua. Bronze, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom uas paub los ntawm ancient sij hawm, yog me ntsis txawv ntawm txhuas. Nws yog kim tshaj, txij li tin, siv rau qhov sib ntau ntawm this alloy ntawm antiquity, muaj ib tug ntau dua li txhuas.

Txawm li cas los, tab sis nws yog pheej yig dua, aluminium bronze tseem muaj zog, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog tsim tawm bushings, bearings, cab cov log thiab cov zoo li.

Feem ntau hom ntawm no pawg bronze yog Br. Tshooj 10-4-4. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg xws li 9.5-11 feem pua ntawm txhuas, 3.5-5.5 feem pua ntawm manganese thiab tib tus nqi hlau. Tus so yog tooj.

Beryllium bronzes

Nyob rau hauv cov pob txha xws li, li ob feem pua ntawm beryllium.

Lawv tau nce lub dag lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm, raws li lawv yauv tau txais kev kho mob tshwj xeeb, uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom. Lub ntsiab daim ntawv ntawm cov bronzes yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm ua cuab yeej, xws li hammers, chisels, lwm yam zoo li

Siliceous Bronze

Cov pab pawg ntawm cov phom muaj 2-3 feem pua ntawm silicon rau hauv nws cov lus. Lawv yuav tiv taus kom corrosion, zoo li zoo casting zog.

Ntawm no hom khoom, ribbon, hlau, springs thiab zoo li yog feem ntau ua.

Nickel bronzes

Raws li ib qho kev qias neeg muaj xws li xee xaim. Lawv lub ntsiab nta xws li ua kom khov, zoo ua rau acids thiab high temperatures.

Patinated tooj

Tsis tas li ntawd cov hom kab mob no kuj muaj ntau heev. Patination ntawm bronze muab nws cov nyhuv ntawm antiquity thiab plays ib tug zoo nkauj ua haujlwm. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tseem tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm corrosion. Txoj kev sib tw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no zoo ib yam li silvering technology. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus txheej txheem puv dub bronze, nyob tus yeees ntawm uas yog tsis tau hloov.

Tooj dag

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tooj thiab tooj dag tau muaj ib qho yooj yim feature - lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog tooj. Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab dav siv hlau raws li cov hlau no. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub ntsiab thib ob hauv qhov no, zinc siv, thiab tsis tin. Cov additives nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuas, hlau, thiab silicon kuj muaj nyob rau hauv me me.

Dab tsi ntxiv uas muaj nyob hauv ib hom tshuaj tooj dag tau muab to taub los ntawm cov cim, uas, tom qab daim ntawv L (uas txhais tau hais tias "tooj dag"), ntxiv ib qho ntxiv, piv txwv li C (lead) hauv qhov kev xaiv LS59-1. Li no nws yuav to taub tias cov hlau alloy muaj 59 feem pua tooj, 1 txhuas, thiab zinc ntxiv.

Cov xim tooj dag thiab nws cov khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm tooj liab. Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: xim liab, daj thiab dawb. Liab muaj ntau tshaj 80 feem pua ntawm tooj liab, hom tooj dag no tseem hu ua "tompak". Nws yog siv rau ntawm cov nplooj ntawv nyias nyias.

Cov feem pua ntawm cov xim tooj daj yog qis - 40-80%. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau lub zeem muag ntawm cov yawm sij, hau, thiab nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive.

Muaj ntau hom tooj dag muaj txog 20-40% tooj liab. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim li ntawd nws tsuas yog tsim los ntawm casting.