Cov tsab xov xwm yog nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Hom ntawm cov khoom thiab nta nyob rau hauv lus Askiv

Nws nkawd hais tias cov me lus yog tsis xav tau. Tseeb, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lus Askiv cov khoom? Nws zoo nkaus li cov nyom hauv lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog cov ntaub, lawv yuav tsum tau qhia heev meej thiab concisely, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - txoj cai los mus siv rau lawv.

Cov khoom nyob rau hauv lus Askiv

Zoo li feem ntau Europeans, lub British nyob rau hauv nws hais lus siv rau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog me ntsis tsis meej pem thiab ntshai ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Ntawm chav kawm no tsab xov xwm. Lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv lub German, Fabkis, Italian, yog, kuv xav hais tias, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Roman-Germanic lus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lawv tsis yog, yog li ntawd rau ntau nws tau ua ib tug loj kev sib tw.

Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lus Askiv? Niaj hnub nimno linguists kaw tsuas yog peb: lub ntsiab txhais, indefinite thiab pes tsawg. Lub fact tias lawv yog urgently xav tau, hais tias nyob rau tsawg lub fact tias nyob rau hauv hnub no tus ntawv nyeem, lawv nyob txog 9%. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ua lawv tau muaj thiab yog vim li cas?

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob

Lub indefinite tsab xov xwm no tau los ntawm ib lo lus ib - "ib". Tej zaum rau yooj yim ntawm kev hais, nws yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug - nws tshwm sim thaum lub noun uas raws li nws, pib nrog ib tug cim. Lub transformation yog qhov khoom ntawm ib tug demonstrative hais lo lus hais tias - "tus ib tug." Ntawm cov hoob kawm, siv tus thawj hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tswvyim, nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom muaj nyob niaj hnub no, nws yog ib tug me ntsis nyuaj, yog li ntawd maj nws yog entrenched nyob rau hauv cov lus uas niaj hnub ntau yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, zaj dab neeg ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog heev pab tau kom koj to taub nyob rau hauv dab tsi zaum nws yog tsim nyog los hais ib tug, thiab nyob rau hauv uas - lub.

zog Part

Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, rau ntau centuries nws tsim ib tug yooj yim haum rau European lus grammatical system. Ntawm no, hauv tsab xov xwm ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug determinant ntawm tus noun, tab sis nws muab tsawg heev ntaub ntawv - qhob los yog paub daws teeb nws, suav los yog tsis, seb nws tau yav tas los hais. Qhov no simplifies qhov teeb meem, vim hais tias, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv German, tib ib feem ntawm kev hais lus muab paub ntxiv txog cov ntaub ntawv, xov tooj thiab zoo ntawm nram qab no nws lexical unit.

Lub tswv yim txog ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm nyob tam sim ntawd ua ntej lo lus uas nws hais txog, los yog ua ntej mus nrhiav kom tau. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsis tsuas ib tus, tab sis substantivized adjectives thiab participles thiab hais lus daim ntawv. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tau mus nqa grammatical zoov nuj txeeg. Yog li ntawd rau simplicity, peb tau tias hais tias tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, npe - yog li lawv feem ntau cov feem ntau txhais mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis txhob hnov qab txog adjectives thiab numerals, tab sis ntau ntxiv txog hais tias tom qab.

hom ntawm cov khoom

Yog li ntawd, raws li twb tau hais, linguists paub qhov txawv peb hom: meej, indefinite thiab pes tsawg. Cov yav tas yuav tsum tau meej pem nrog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm ntawm tag nrho cov, tab sis nws tsis yog - lawv siv ua ntej txhua txhua tus, thiab tsis muaj kev zam. Nws yog tsuas ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog thiab nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas teem caij rau lawv, thiab ces tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas tsis yuav poob sharply.

siv

Tej yam hom ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog obviously xav tau nyob rau hauv tej yam. Tab sis yuav ua li cas kom paub nws? Txhua tus muaj ib tug qualifier ua ntej - thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Thiab yog dab tsi nws muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug ntau, mus txog rau cov nqi ntawm cov lo lus. Tiam sis ntau tshaj feem ntau tshaj li tsis yog li ntawd phem, thiab txawm hais tias koj ua las mees cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov lus nug, cov haiv neeg hais lus yuav to taub nws. Saib zoo li no, txawm li cas los, yog ib tug me ntsis coj txawv txawv, piv txwv li, raws li yog hais tias txhua lub npe nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm kab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Kawm txawv teb chaws qauv sau ntawv, yuav tsum npaj mus los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws tau tsim tsis yog li ntawd, thiab ces nws yuav tsum tau hwm.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub siv ntawm cov kev cai no muaj raws li nram no:

• Lub indefinite tsab xov xwm no siv nrog ib tus nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj (meej thiab suav), hais rau cov thawj lub sij hawm. Qhov no kuj muaj tseeb muaj kev tsim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub indefinite tsab xov xwm no yog siv thaum muaj ib tug neeg / yam khoom los raws li ib tug ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm cov zoo li.

Muaj ib lub pob rau hauv pem teb.

Kuv muaj ib tug menyuam roj hmab.

Kuv tij laug yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv.

• Lub meej tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog tsim nyog thaum peb tham txog ib tug paub kev kawm los yog cov teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib txwm siv nrog collective npe thiab adjectives nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv zoo heev zoo. Tib yam siv rau lub limiting txhais cov ntsiab lus, thiab ces txhais tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau txhais hais tias "tib".

Muaj ib lub pob rau hauv pem teb. Cov pob liab liab.

Kuv muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws menyuam roj hmab.

Tam sim no nws yog dua Bob kuv hais rau koj hais txog.

Yog hais tias ua ntej lub noun muaj ib tug possessive (kuv, koj, nws, thiab hais txog. D.) Los yog taw (qhov no, hais tias, cov no, cov neeg) hais lo lus los yog ib tug tus nab npawj, ces lawv hloov cov tsab xov xwm no, thiab nws yog tsis xav tau.

Nws yuav zoo li hais tias txhua yam yog yooj yim. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog txhua txhua, thiab yuav tsum tau paub txog ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas tej zaum yuav tsum.

Tshwj xeeb mob

Txoj kev tshawb no yuav mus ib tug yooj yim heev yog hais tias nws yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim los mus piav qhia yuav ua li cas thiab nyob qhov twg rau muab tso rau cov khoom. Tshwj nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, hmoov tsis, tsis yooj yim dua, tab sis yog tsis muaj lawv muaj ntau ntau yam nuances, tsis muaj uas, alas, nws yuav nyob twj ywm tsis paub ntawv.

TSAB XOV XWM A (IB):

• nyob ib sab mus paub daws teeb noun, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug uas piav txog lub ntsiab lus;
• yuav siv ua ntej ib tug zoo noun lub ntsiab lus "ib", "ib tug";
• sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tus, thaum nws yuav siv sij hawm tus nqi ntawm "ib tug" los yog "ib tug" (tej zaum nrog uncountable);
• siv nyob rau hauv tej yam collocations.

LUB TSAB XOV XWM:

• nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, sawv tom ntej no mus rau lub npe denoting tag nrho tsev neeg tag nrho;
• Nws yog siv thaum uas mus rau lub tswvyim, lub tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom (saum ntuj, ib tug huab tais);
• siv nrog rau lub npe ntawm tej lub teb chaws xws li cov lo lus nceeg vaj, federation, koom pheej thiab thiaj li nyob. thiab lwm yam.;
• nqi lug tom qab ib tug ntawm, feem ntau ntawm, feem ntau tom qab ob thiab tag nrho (nrog suav xwb);
• siv nrog animate npe mus sab laj txog cov kev muaj npe nrov ntawm cov neeg uas lawv sawv cev rau;
• yuav tsum tau ua ntej cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "cov neeg";
• Nws qhia ib tug collective lub sij hawm denoting ntau yam kev strata;
• noun nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj daim ntawv, qhia ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm;
• muab tso rau ua ntej kev txiav txim tib yam, tom ntej no (lub ntsiab lus "tom ntej no"), lub xeem (yav dhau los), li nram qab no;
• Peb yuav tsum tau mus ordinal zauv;
• yeej ib txwm siv nrog ob tog ntawm lub teeb;
• ntawm tej dej hiav txwv, seas, dej ntws thiab lwm yam lub cev ntawm cov dej feem ntau tsuas yog kev zam (cais inlets thiab cov pas dej loj);
• archipelago nrog npe, pawg neeg ntawm cov islands;
• nrog cov npe roob chains systems;
• nrog lub npe ntawm feem ntau ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb thiab lub teb chaws kev nom kev tswv thiab lwm cov koom haum;
• feem ntau nrog lub npe nto moo theaters, kos duab, tho kev ua puas thiab thiaj li nyob. thiab lwm yam.;
• nrog lub npe ntawm loj ntaus pob ncaws pob txheej xwm;
• siv nyob rau hauv tej yam collocations.

Muaj ib impressive daim ntawv teev, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias kev tshawb xav tsis yog hais tias cov kev txawj ntse yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv xyaum.

zero tsab xov xwm

Txawm yog hais tias nws mas hais tias nws tsis yog, nws yuav twv yuav raug hu muaj. Qhaj ntawv ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, uas yog, nws zero-daim ntawv - yog tseem cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas lo lus uas los tom qab qhov chaw. Yog li, tus neeg mob xws siv cov nram qab no:

• Xaiv lwm determinant (hais lo lus, ib tug tus nab npawj los yog tsis muaj negation);
• thawj siv tus nyob rau hauv lub plural;
• zoo lub npe, lub npe ntawm lub zos, continents, lub teb chaws (nrog kev zam), lub hlis, hnub ntawm lub limtiam ntawd, cov tsev kawm ntawv;
• paub daws teeb noun;
• npe Sciences;
• Ntawv xov xwm lub npe, yog hais tias tus tsab xov xwm no muaj yog tsis muaj chiv;
• uncountable noun;
• lub npe ntawm ib tug neeg islands;
• cov npe ntawm cov pas dej thiab bays;
• lub npe ntawm ib tug neeg peaks;
• muaj nuj nqis / cov phau ntawv Magazine;
• noun, ua ib tug reference;
• nyob rau hauv ua ke, txhais tau tias ua si seev suab paj nruas los yog kev ua si;
• neeg ntawm ib tsev neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam;
• nyob rau hauv ib co txheej nqe lus.

Nws nkawd hais tias nws yog heev yooj yim, tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd. Txoj kev paub no yuav tuaj maj nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, yog li ntawd yeej nco ntsoov cov cai no feem ntau yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog ib qhov seem yog feem ntau raug tsim sai npaum li cas tshaj rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas hauv tsab xov xwm no yog siv nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, vim hais tias muaj kev zam thiab tshwj xeeb no, ntau npaum li cas.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum nco ntsoov?

Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam teb ntawm kev txawj ntse, muaj tsuas yog xyaum. Paub cov kev tshawb xav, nws yog tsim nyog los lossi nrhiav tau ib tug siv rau nws. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, thaum nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-hais lus ib puag ncig, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav ib tug khub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus txoj kev tshawb no muaj tsuas nyuam qhuav pib. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj hnub nyoog ntawm universal computerization yog tsis muaj teeb meem mus nrhiav lwm hauv internet xov xwm. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsim nyog xav tias tias cov kev xyaum yuav tsum qhia ntawv, thiab los qhia cov tsim nyog kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv thawj hais lus. Ua ntej koj yuav mus raug kev txom nyem thiab ntsej mua nce ntshav, tos cov lo lus thiab nco ntsoov tus paub qhia, tab sis, ces tsis txawm tau xav txog qhov uas yuav muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, thiab nyob qhov twg - ib tug. Zoo, yog hais tias muaj yeej loj heev xav phem cais tsis, koj yuav tau mus rau ib tug me ntsis ua kom yuam kev thiab hloov nws nrog ib tug possessive hais lo lus los yog ib lo lus ib txhia.