Cov peev ntawm Karakalpakstan - Nukus. Autonomous koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan nyob rau hauv Uzbekistan raws li ib feem ntawm

Karakalpakstan - cov koom pheej nyob rau hauv Central Asia, uas yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Ib tug zoo qhov chaw ib puag ncig los ntawm deserts. Leej twg yog cov Karakalpak koom pheej tsim thiab yuav ua li cas? Qhov twg yog nws nyob? Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav no koj yuav saib?

Koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub qhuav-up hiav txwv

Lub ib ncig ntawm Karakalpakstan yog nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm lub Amu Darya dej thiab nce mus txog lub shores ntawm lub hiav txwv Aral - ib zaug lub plaub loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no koom pheej ntawm Uzbekistan los ua hais tsis zoo. Karakalpakstan tau los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm ecological kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov dej ntws mus rau hauv lub Aral Hiav txwv pib coj tus dej ntws mus irrigate lub chaw ntug hiav chaw. Maj mam, lub hiav txwv pib loj hlob ntiav thiab qhuav.

Nyuam qhuav pib nyob rau hauv lub Aral Hiav txwv tau inhabited los ntawm cov nqi hom ntses, feem ntau ntawm uas twb siv nyob rau hauv lub fishery. Muaj ob peb ntses nroj tsuag thiab factories. Vim lub zoo caij siv dej theem zuj zus lawm txhua txhua xyoo. Hiav txwv chaw uas zoo heev progressively yeej suab puam, thiab cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb, tso rau ntawm qhov chaw, ua lub ntsev thiab cua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam lom.

Tam sim no cov koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yog hu ua tus "graveyard ntawm ships." Thaum lub sij hawm qeeb kom qhuav ntawm lub hiav txwv, ntau ships tseem yuav nyob sawv rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov yav tas los seaport Moinak yog tam sim no lossis loj xeb txog ntsha, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kub suab puam sands.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Karakalpakstan yog ib tug sovereign koom pheej, uas yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Yuav kom thim los ntawm lub teb chaws, nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug referendum. Sovereign raws li txoj cai tso cai Karakalpakstan nws tus kheej nrog tus thawj tswj qauv ntawm cov koom pheej, tsis muaj daim ntawv cog lus nrog Uzbekistan.

Karakalpakstan nws muaj nws tus kheej chij, emblem, anthem thiab txawm ib tug Constitution thiab tsoom fwv cov koom haum. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Karakalpakstan Erniyazov Musa Tazhetdinovich yog tus tswj title. Cov koom pheej lub chaw uas zoo heev yog muab faib ua 14 qhov chaw, hu ua huab. Cov peev ntawm Karakalpakstan - Nukus - yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib cov thawj tswj tsev. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws lub nroog ntawm lub koom pheej. Lwm yam loj lub zos yog Turtkul Chimbal, Khodjeyli, Beruni, Kungrad thiab Takhiatash.

Economy yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam. Cultivated cereals (hom qoob mog thiab mov), paj rwb, txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Faib los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Lub teb chaws yog lub tsuas dej qab zib cog nyob rau hauv Central Asia, nyob rau hauv Kungrad Carbide ua nyob rau hauv Hodzheylise yog ib tug iav Hoobkas, cov peev ntawm Karakalpakstan muaj cable thiab marble factories.

geography

Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav pawg neeg thaj av ntawm Central Asia - nws yog yeej Karakalpakstan. Qhov twg yog koom pheej? Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub Turan lowland, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nws ciam teb rau lwm nrog ob tug cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws (Navoi thiab Khorezm). Western, sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ciam teb ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan shares nrog lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan, lub yav qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj - nrog Turkmenistan.

Deserts nyob feem ntau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej, namely 80%. Nyob rau hauv lub northeast yog lub Kyzylkum Suab puam. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Aral hiav txwv, ib tug tshiab suab puam - Aralkum. Nws muaj ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab lom ntsev, uas adversely cuam tshuam cov kev kho mob ntawm lub zos coob.

Conference kev puas tsuaj ho cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov koom pheej. Nws los ua sharply continental thiab drier. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yog kub thiab me ntsis dej nag, lub caij ntuj no txias thiab yuav luag tsis muaj daus. Nyob rau hauv lub Amu Darya delta riparian forests loj hlob. Tus so ntawm cov suab puam nroj tsuag - cov ntoo thiab lov tas vau.

Keeb kwm ntawm Karakalpakstan

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Karakalpak neeg tau nyob txij li thaum Neolithic lub sij hawm. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Karakalpak haiv neeg pab pawg neeg Pechenegs mus, nyob ntawm no ua ke nrog Oguz txog nyob rau hauv II-VI centuries BC. Tus tshiab npe ntawm tus haiv neeg yog vim hnav kaus mom ua los ntawm dub wool.

Thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua yog tsim Nogai Khanate, uas muaj xws li thiab Karakalpak. Tom qab ntawd, nws muab faib ua ob peb hordes. Ua ke nrog rau Horde ulus Karakalpak nyob hauv lub Aral Hiav txwv cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1714 nrhiav tau nws tus kheej Karakalpak Khanate.

Tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Khanate ntawm lub Kalmyks ntawm cov pejxeem mus rau Tashkent, thiab ib feem ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Syr Darya. Nyob rau ntawm lub sab ntug ntawm tus dej Karakalpak tom qab ua kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab huab tais.

Tom ntej no Karakalpakstan yog ib feem ntawm lub ntau yam rau pej xeem chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nws yuav yog ib feem ntawm Kazakh ASSR, ces nws qhia ncaj qha mus rau lub Socialist Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1932 nws tsim Karakalpak ASSR. Nyob rau hauv 1936, lub koom pheej los ua ib feem ntawm lub Uzbek SSR, tom qab lub Soviet Union tshuav Karakalpakstan autonomous koom pheej nyob hauv Uzbekistan, kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus rau 20 xyoo.

pejxeem

Nyob rau hauv Karakalpakstan txog 1.8 lab cov neeg. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov nroog thiab nyob deb nroog cov pejxeem txog sib npaug, tab sis tus nyob deb nroog pejxeem tseem outweigh. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Autonomous Koom pheej uas tus loj tshaj xov tooj ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub Karakalpak ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan (txog 500 txhiab). Lawv tag nrho cov xov tooj yog hais txog 600 txhiab. Ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan thiab Russia.

Number of Uzbek thiab Karakalpak koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yog yuav luag tib yam. Kazakhs yog peb haiv neeg heev. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej muaj ob lub teb chaws lus: Uzbek thiab Karakalpak. Karakalpak lus muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog lub Kazakh, uas feem ntau ua rau nom tswv txawv ntawm cov pejxeem. Lub ntsiab kev ntseeg yog Sunni Islam.

attractions koom pheej

Karakalpakstan hu ua archaeological cia. Muaj txog cuaj archaeological chaw, xws li kev sib hais haum ntawm Toprak-kala, uas muaj thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm kuv mus IV xyoo pua AD. Lwm kev sib hais haum, Dzhanpyk kala, muaj nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej nrog rau cov IX-XI centuries.

Ntawm cov archeological monuments - ancient fortress Kyzyl-kala, Big Guldunsur, Janbas kala. Xeem existed ua ntej peb era thiab yog ib tug monument ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Khorezm. Tseem muaj ob peb qhov chaw ntawm kev teev ntuj. Cov lawv Koykrylgan kala. Qhov no cylindrical tsev li 80 meters siab, uas yog siv los pe hawm Zoroastrians, tom qab ntawd nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib lub teeb liab pej thuam.

Dhau li ntawm tus architectural attractions, tseem muaj tej yam ntuj tso nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Thawj thiab foremost yog lub Aral Hiav txwv yog yuav luag tag tig mus rau hauv ib cov suab puam graveyard ntawm ships nyob rau hauv lub qub qhov chaw nres nkoj Moinak thiab Kyzylkum suab puam. Tom ntej no mus cov dej Amu Darya yog ib tug cia Badai Tugay.

lub capital ntawm Karakalpakstan

Nukus yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Amu Darya dej nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub ntsiab nroog nws tsis tau yeej ib txwm tau, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm no muaj nuj nqi yog tau los ntawm lub nroog Turktkul. Cov peev ntawm Karakalpakstan hloov nyob rau hauv 1933.

Lub nroog yog ib lub tsev mus txog 300,000 cov neeg nyob. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov hauj lwm hnub nws tsim yog xav tau 1860, tab sis tus neeg tshawb fawb hais tias Nukus - ib lub nroog uas muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm. Lub koom nyob rau hauv lub nroog muaj nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Nrog IV BC. e. IV rau n. e. no muaj Shurcha fort, ua cov pej xeem hauv lub Khorezm Khanate.

Lub Aral Hiav txwv yog tsis deb, li ntawd, Nukus (Karakalpakstan) tej qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Capital los ntawm tag nrho cov sab surrounded los ntawm deserts ntawm Karakum, Kyzylkum thiab Ustyurt Aralkum - qhov no stony suab puam. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub peev ntawm cov koom pheej yog surrounded los ntawm cov suab puam, Nukus - lub nroog ntawm greenery thiab paj.

attractions Nukus

Cov peev ntawm Karakalpakstan tsis muaj ib tug ntau ntawm nco qhov chaw. Lub ntsiab attractions nyob rau hauv lub nroog yog lub tsev ceev teej tug. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm daim duab lub npe hu ua tom qab IV Savitsky, nplooj siab mus rau Lavxias teb sab avant-garde painting ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Nws yog lub npe hu ua Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej Berdakh. Nws exhibition pib ntau yam archaeological finds nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Nyob ze ze ntawm lub zos yog Chilpyk kev cai dab qhuas tsev, ua nyob rau hauv lub II xyoo pua AD. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib lub toj 30 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm ib tug qhib lub nplhaib uas nws txoj kab uas hla yog kwv yees li 70 meters.

Ntawm Nukus thiab lub nroog yog ib qho architectural complex Hodzheylis Mizdahkan. Nws kuj hais txog cov archaeological chaw, raws li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub IV xyoo pua BC thiab lasted kom txog thaum lub XIV xyoo pua BC. Lub complex npog txog ob puas hectares. Nws lub ntsiab qhov chaw, xws li tombs, yog rau peb tej toj roob.

xaus

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yog ib tug neeg Esxias lub teb chaws Karakalpak. Cov thawj pej xeem kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov neeg yuav pom tau tias Karakalpak Khanate tsim nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Tam sim no Karakalpakstan yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Ib tug Nukus yog nws cov ntsiab nroog.

Ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej yog them los ntawm deserts. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub qhuav ntawm lub Aral hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog tam sim no ib tug tshiab suab puam Aralkum. Txawm li cas los, cov suab puam qhov chaw - nws tsis yog tag nrho cov Karakalpakstan. Cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau nyob nrog ntau txheej thaum ub lub sij hawm, thiaj li muaj ntau ntau yam archaeological thiab architectural monuments. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nyob ua ntej peb era.