Catadromous thiab anadromous hom ntses: lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab tej vaj tse

Ntiaj teb inhabitants ntawm lub seas, dej hiav txwv, dej thiab pas dej yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Zaum no lees paub rau qab ntsev puag ncig nyob ib ncig ntawm 12,000 hom ntses, thiab dej tsis qab ntsev reservoirs - ze rau 6800 daim ntawv luam. Feem ntau, muaj ntau hom ntses mus tsis tu ncua: los ntawm tus dej ntws mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, los ntawm lub hiav txwv mus rau tus dej. Ib txhia ua nws ib xyoos ib zaug, ib co txhua hnub. Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum yog ib tug mus thiab nyob li cas hom ntawm muab faib tag nrho cov nyob migrating nyiaj? Muaj coob tus tau hnov txog lub anadromous, catadromous thiab Transboundary cov hom ntses. Nyob rau lawv yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum paub txog migrating ntses

Mus (khiav fishes) txawv los ntawm ib tug lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg uas muaj lub peev xwm mus ua luam dej ib pliag nyob rau hauv lub seas, thiab lwm ib nrab - nyob rau hauv tus dej ntws ntws mus rau hauv lawv. Ib txhia migrating ntses txav tau yooj yim ntawm txoj kev mus rau dej tsis qab ntsev yeej (anadromous hom ntses), thiab lwm leej lwm tus - nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv (catadromous tib neeg). Muaj ntau ntawm cov zaus mus ntev mus. Tej xaav txuam nrog tog twg los cov zaub mov ntau lawm, los yog los ntawm chaw ua taus zes.

Anadromous thiab catadromous hom ntses muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, txog rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv dej salinity. Migrating, xws cov neeg tab tom nrhiav rau ib tug dej siab ib puag ncig rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kib zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab mus rau lwm lub nws kov ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog thiab muaj tag nrho cov hom ntawm obstacles: waterfalls, rapids, high-ceev txaus. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, ib tug los ntawm ib tug neeg laus cov neeg yuav tsum noog cia tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov rog. Muaj ntau khiav ntses tuag tog tom qab spawning, thiab ib co yuav zoo li no spawn dua. Cov ntses no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev kawm rau tus nuv ntses txoj cai thiab lub hwj chim ntawm tej tsiaj.

paub anadromy

Anadromous hom ntses rau spawning ntawm lub marine ib puag ncig yog tsiv mus rau tshiab. Lub ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov neeg sawv cev yog cov salmon, herring, sturgeon. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv yog lub salmon ntawm lub Pacific hiav txwv. Cov neeg laus tej zaum yuav hnyav 6kg thiab muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 60 cm. Spawning siv nyob rau hauv cov niam dej Nyiv ceg av qab teb Primorye, haus luam yeeb, Sakhalin. Qhov no saib zoo nkaus li mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv tus dej dej, ces ua luam dej cov neeg mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, qhov uas lawv siv los ntawm 1 mus rau 6 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov thawj tej vaj tse, ntses nteg qe thiab tuag. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv cov ndlwg ntawm tus dej ntws.

Cov Dub thiab Azov kuj tam sim no anadromous cov hom ntses, xws li herring. Yuav kom mus, lawv ua luam dej mus rau hauv lub delta European dej ntws. Anadromous heats ua sturgeon, lamprey thiab carp. Daim ntawv teev cov anadromous hom ntses replenish shad, trout, peb-spined stickleback. Los ntawm zoo-paub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm carp yuav hu ua krasnoporok-UGAI.

Dhau li salmon, ib tug tsis tshua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug lamprey. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Volga delta. Spawns nyob rau hauv kamenistnyh thiab sandbanks. Heev nto moo anadromom yog sturgeon. Nws nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm cov dub, Caspian thiab Azov seas, spawns nyob rau hauv lub Volga, Ural, kurÅ.

Anadromous lwm tus neeg ntawm cov dub thiab Caspian Seas ua hauj lwm pab ntsia hlau loj. Nws yuav tsis tawm ob peb xyoos hauv tus dej. Rau no hom kuj muaj xws li Chum, salmon, dawb salmon, dawb salmon. Ib txhia ntses ua diurnal tsiv teb tsaws nyob rau hauv tus dej rau saum npoo kormozhki (thaum hmo ntuj), thiab thaum lub sij hawm hnub lawv rov qab mus rau lub qab ntsev ib puag ncig.

cov neeg sawv cev katadromov

Lub brightest neeg sawv cev ntawm catadromous hom yog ib tsev neeg ugrovyh (eel). Nws qe yuav mus nyob rau hauv lub qhib dej hiav txwv rau lub hlis thiab txawm xyoo. Ces lawv thov mus rau lub European shores, qhov uas lawv ua luam dej hauv tus dej thiab pib lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Eel nyiam muaj zog dej tsaws ntxhee, nkos los yog zeb hauv av. Daim ntawv ceeb toom nws yog heev yooj yim, nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su, nws hides nyob rau hauv burrows los yog nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Thaum nightfall, nws los ntawm nws qho chaw. Feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej nyob sab Europe eel siv nyob rau hauv lub dej tsis qab ntsev ib puag ncig.

Transboundary ntses

Cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug halo, ib qho nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam, hu ua tus ntoo khaub lig-ciam teb. Yeej, no muaj xws li semi-anadromous ntses uas nyob hauv qab ntsev tej kev kawm, blizprilegayuschey kom dej ntws thiab ntses nteg qe nyob rau hauv dej tsis qab ntsev reservoirs. Cov no muaj xws bream, carp. Nyob rau hauv lub Azov hiav txwv thiab cov Aral hiav txwv, lub North Caspian muaj nyob pike, kab laum, kab laum.

Anadromous hom ntses ntawm lub Caspian Hiav txwv

Nws nyiam nrog nws ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub nyob ntiaj teb no ntawm lub Caspian phiab. Sib ntsib ntawm no heev me me gobies thiab giant cov neeg sawv cev - Beluga. Salmon thiab lamprey, hu ntawm Kourou mus spawn, feem ntau tuag ntawm starvation. Rau anadromous ntses ntawm lub phiab muaj xws li cov nram qab no hom: salmon, dawb salmon, sturgeon, sturgeon pos. Kuv qhuas ib lub hiav txwv pike nqaj ntoo, pike, catfish, carp, carp thiab dawb Amur.

Sturgeons ncav tsis cuag yog tsis heev loj, tiam sis muaj ntau cov neeg uas tau nyob ntau tshaj 30 xyoo. Ib txhia ntawm stellate sturgeon nyob rau hauv lub Caspian Hiav txwv txog li 40 kg ntawm qhov ceeb thawj. Tab sis salmon nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntes tau tsawg tsawg. Tseem ceeb ntses mus ntes no yog lub pike. Ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm tus catch yog Rudd uas muaj nyob rau ntawm pob zeb, them nrog tuab tej nroj tsuag.

Kev pab tiv thaiv ntawm khiav ntses

Hatcheries tau ua qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau hom ntawm khiav ntses. Tej nroj tsuag yog feem ntau lub tsev nyob rau dams ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm loj dej ntws. Cov maum yog ntes tau thiab artificially inseminated. Tom qab qhov tseem ceeb nws nyuj khaws cia nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb dej. Tom qab lub kib loj hlob, lawv yuav muab xa mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb reservoir los yog dej. Lavxias teb sab hatcheries billions ntawm kib yog zus txhua xyoo. Yog li ua dua thiab rov qab zoo tshaj plaws anadromous hom ntses: sturgeon thiab salmon. Ib txhia yog koom nyob rau hauv cultivation ntawm tus nqaj ntoo thiab whitefish.

Lavxias teb sab fisheries ntawm lub Volga thiab Don tsim ib tug ntau lawm-yoog ntses: bream thiab carp. Lub kib yog pub rau tej nroj tsuag nrog tej yam ntuj tso los yog hluavtaws txau.