Atkinson voj voog nyob rau hauv xyaum. Atkinson voj voog engine raws li

Internal combustion cav siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb rau ib tiam. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv lub lag luam tsis tau undergone loj hloov txij li thaum pib ntawm qhov kev tso tawm. Tab sis raws li no cav muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov drawbacks, engineers tsis tu tsis tseg rau txua nrhav uas txhim kho engine. Cia peb tig mus rau ib tug, uas yog hu ua tus Atkinson voj voog. Niaj hnub no, koj yuav hnov hais tias nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib co tsheb. Tab sis nws yog dab tsi, thiab raws li lub engine tau zoo dua nrog nws?

Atkinson voj voog

Nikolaus Otto, ib tug engineer los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, npaj nyob rau hauv 1876 ib lub voj voog uas muaj:

• kev txais neeg kawm;
• compression;
• stroke;
• tso tawm.

Ib xyoo caum tom qab, cov lus Askiv inventor Dzheyms Atkinson tsim nws. Txawm li cas los, kom koj to taub nyob rau hauv kom meej, nws yuav hu ua ib tug heev thawj zoo ntawm kev voj voog Atkinson.

Internal combustion xyaw yog qualitatively sib txawv. Tom qab tag nrho, lub crankshaft yog offset Symptoms cov ntsiab lus, tas cov zog poob los ntawm kev sib txhuam yog txo, thiab cov compression piv yog nce.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog kawm los ntawm lwm yam roj faib rau theem. Nyob rau ib tug pa engine lub piston yog kaw sai li sai tau tom qab dhau qhov tuag rov point. Ib tug txawv tswvyim yog Atkinson voj voog. Muaj mob stroke tshuam lawm, txij thaum lub valve kaw ib nrab xwb txoj kev los ntawm piston mus rau lub sab saum toj tuag center (qhov muaj yog twb Otto compression).

Raws npaum Otto Atkinson voj voog kwv yees li kaum feem pua. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog siv rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, vim lub fact tias nws muaj peev xwm los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm hom tsuas yog thaum siab speeds. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau cov neeg kho tshuab supercharger, uas yog tej zaum kuj hu ua tag nrho cov no "Atkinson-Miller voj voog". Txawm li cas los, nws zoo nkaus li uas cov kev pab cuam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob suav poob rau nws.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsheb xws Atkinson voj voog nyob rau hauv kev xyaum yog yuav luag tsis siv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv hybrid qauv zoo li lub Toyota Prius, manufacturers pib siv nws txawm nyob rau hauv series. Qhov no twb ua tau ua tsaug rau ib tug lag luam los ntawm cov kev xyaw: ib tug uas tsis muaj kev ceev tsheb tsiv vim hluav taws xob traction thaum lub sij hawm acceleration thiab tsuas keyboards rau Petrol unit.

sij hawm

Keeb kwm Atkinson voj voog engine muaj ib tug loj roj faib mechanism, emitting ib tug loj suab nrov. Tab sis thaum twg, ua tsaug rau cov discovery ntawm American Charles Knight es tsis txhob ntawm lub niaj zaus steel li qub nrog ib tug tsav mus siv tshwj xeeb Spools nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug khub ntawm tes tsho uas yog txheej txheem ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab cov piston, lub cav yuav luag nres ua suab nrov. Txawm li cas los, cov complexity ntawm tus tsim siv dispensed kim heev, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau prestigious hom ntawm lub tsheb tsav tsheb npaj mus them rau qhov no yooj yim.

Cuaj kaum, twb nyob rau hauv lub thirties ntawm no txoj kev txhim kho peb tau tsis kam, vim hais tias cov tshuab tau luv luv-lived, thiab noj nqos tau cov roj a thiab roj yog loj heev.

Cav txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog paub hnub no - tej zaum cov engineers yuav tau txais tshem ntawm lub shortcomings ntawm tus qauv los ntawm Charles Knight thiab coj kom zoo dua.

Universal qauv rau yav tom ntej

Tam sim no, ntau manufacturers twb tsim universal motors, uas yuav tsum tau ua ke, thiab roj av hwj chim rau lwm, thiab yav tom ntej traction thiab efficiency ntawm diesel xyaw.

Nyob rau hauv no hwm, lub mere fact tias cov petrol units muaj direct roj txhaj tshuaj, mus txog ib tug siab compression index kev txiav txim ntawm tsug kaum peb los yog kaum plaub units (nyob rau hauv diesel xyaw, theem no yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li kaum xya los yog kaum cuaj) proves kev vam meej cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia. Lawv txawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib yam li cov chav nyob nrog compression tiv cav tseb. Tsuas yog cov ua hauj lwm sib tov yuav tsum artificially Cov nroj cig cuag tswm ciab.

Nyob rau hauv sim qauv ntawm compression nce mus txog ntau txawm tias - txog li kaum tsib los yog kaum units. Tab sis ua ntej nws pib-tiv cav tseb kom txog thaum lub theem nce mus txog. Tab sis lub tswm ciab yog neeg xiam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsa suab, uas lub cav keyboards rau ib hom xws li ib tug diesel cav, thiab kov me ntsis roj.

Lub combustion yog tswj hluav taws xob, ua kev kho me ntsis nyob rau sab nraud yam.

Lub developers hais tias qhov no engine yog heev yig. Txawm li cas los, rau loj lawm yog tsis txaus tshawb fawb tau ua.

Cov nce mus nce los compression piv

Lub ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab lub hwj chim ua hauj lwm zoo thiab tus nqi yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv ib lub high degree ntawm compression. Lawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau kom indefinitely. Yog li ntawd, rau ib txhia lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob nres. Txwv tsis pub muaj ib tug uas yuav ntawm av, uas yuav ua rau engine kev puas tsuaj.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog no tus nqi yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nrog Supercharging. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog rhuab ntau xav, thiab yog li ntawd qhov feem pua ntawm ntau yam ntawm triggering lub av yog tshuam dua. Yog li ntawd, cov compression piv tej zaum tsim nyog los txo, vim hais tias ntawm uas, ntawm chav kawm, thiab lub cev muaj zog efficiency decreases.

Qhov tseeb tiag mas, cov compression piv yuav tsum sib txawv ntseeg nkaws raws li ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub operating hom thiab cov load. Txoj kev loj hlob yog ib tug ntau, tab sis lawv yog ib yam nkaus thiab complex thiab kim heev.

Lub legendary Saab

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau muaj tiav los ntawm lub tuam txhab ntawm Saab, thaum nws tso nyob rau hauv 2000, tsib-lub tog raj kheej engine, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub 1.6 litres volume muab txog li ob puas nees-nkaum-tsib nees. Qhov no tau zoo niaj hnub no mas, kwv.

Lub cav yog muab faib ua ob qhov chaw nyob qhov twg rau qhov chaw muaj kev cob cog rau txhua lwm yam los ntawm ib tug pob khawm txhais tau tias. Nyob hauv qab no lub crankshaft, txuas rods thiab pistons, thiab rau sab saum toj - nrog lub tog raj kheej taub hau. Hydraulic tsav yog tau mus qaij daim nrog ib tug kheej kheej taub hau thiab los hloov tus compression piv thaum tsav tsheb ntawm cov compressor. Txawm tias cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm kev loj hlob kuj yuav tsum tau muab ncua vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho.

Yooj yim dua thiab mus siv cuag

Yog li, peb yuav xaus uas lub cav uas sau nyob rau hauv Atkinson voj voog, tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev muaj zog mechanism nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nws nkawd hais tias lub txhim kho raws li ib leeg, lub internal combustion engine yuav, thaum kawg, mus rau lub pom hom kev lag luam.